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+.TH "NPM\-DEVELOPERS" "7" "October 2016" "" ""
+.SH "NAME"
+\fBnpm-developers\fR \- Developer Guide
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.P
+So, you've decided to use npm to develop (and maybe publish/deploy)
+your project\.
+.P
+Fantastic!
+.P
+There are a few things that you need to do above the simple steps
+that your users will do to install your program\.
+.SH About These Documents
+.P
+These are man pages\.  If you install npm, you should be able to
+then do \fBman npm\-thing\fP to get the documentation on a particular
+topic, or \fBnpm help thing\fP to see the same information\.
+.SH What is a \fBpackage\fP
+.P
+A package is:
+.RS 0
+.IP \(bu 2
+a) a folder containing a program described by a package\.json file
+.IP \(bu 2
+b) a gzipped tarball containing (a)
+.IP \(bu 2
+c) a url that resolves to (b)
+.IP \(bu 2
+d) a \fB<name>@<version>\fP that is published on the registry with (c)
+.IP \(bu 2
+e) a \fB<name>@<tag>\fP that points to (d)
+.IP \(bu 2
+f) a \fB<name>\fP that has a "latest" tag satisfying (e)
+.IP \(bu 2
+g) a \fBgit\fP url that, when cloned, results in (a)\.
+
+.RE
+.P
+Even if you never publish your package, you can still get a lot of
+benefits of using npm if you just want to write a node program (a), and
+perhaps if you also want to be able to easily install it elsewhere
+after packing it up into a tarball (b)\.
+.P
+Git urls can be of the form:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+git://github\.com/user/project\.git#commit\-ish
+git+ssh://user@hostname:project\.git#commit\-ish
+git+http://user@hostname/project/blah\.git#commit\-ish
+git+https://user@hostname/project/blah\.git#commit\-ish
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+The \fBcommit\-ish\fP can be any tag, sha, or branch which can be supplied as
+an argument to \fBgit checkout\fP\|\.  The default is \fBmaster\fP\|\.
+.SH The package\.json File
+.P
+You need to have a \fBpackage\.json\fP file in the root of your project to do
+much of anything with npm\.  That is basically the whole interface\.
+.P
+See npm help 5 \fBpackage\.json\fP for details about what goes in that file\.  At the very
+least, you need:
+.RS 0
+.IP \(bu 2
+name:
+This should be a string that identifies your project\.  Please do not
+use the name to specify that it runs on node, or is in JavaScript\.
+You can use the "engines" field to explicitly state the versions of
+node (or whatever else) that your program requires, and it's pretty
+well assumed that it's javascript\.
+It does not necessarily need to match your github repository name\.
+So, \fBnode\-foo\fP and \fBbar\-js\fP are bad names\.  \fBfoo\fP or \fBbar\fP are better\.
+.IP \(bu 2
+version:
+A semver\-compatible version\.
+.IP \(bu 2
+engines:
+Specify the versions of node (or whatever else) that your program
+runs on\.  The node API changes a lot, and there may be bugs or new
+functionality that you depend on\.  Be explicit\.
+.IP \(bu 2
+author:
+Take some credit\.
+.IP \(bu 2
+scripts:
+If you have a special compilation or installation script, then you
+should put it in the \fBscripts\fP object\.  You should definitely have at
+least a basic smoke\-test command as the "scripts\.test" field\.
+See npm help 7 scripts\.
+.IP \(bu 2
+main:
+If you have a single module that serves as the entry point to your
+program (like what the "foo" package gives you at require("foo")),
+then you need to specify that in the "main" field\.
+.IP \(bu 2
+directories:
+This is an object mapping names to folders\.  The best ones to include are
+"lib" and "doc", but if you use "man" to specify a folder full of man pages,
+they'll get installed just like these ones\.
+
+.RE
+.P
+You can use \fBnpm init\fP in the root of your package in order to get you
+started with a pretty basic package\.json file\.  See npm help \fBnpm\-init\fP for
+more info\.
+.SH Keeping files \fIout\fR of your package
+.P
+Use a \fB\|\.npmignore\fP file to keep stuff out of your package\.  If there's
+no \fB\|\.npmignore\fP file, but there \fIis\fR a \fB\|\.gitignore\fP file, then npm will
+ignore the stuff matched by the \fB\|\.gitignore\fP file\.  If you \fIwant\fR to
+include something that is excluded by your \fB\|\.gitignore\fP file, you can
+create an empty \fB\|\.npmignore\fP file to override it\. Like \fBgit\fP, \fBnpm\fP looks
+for \fB\|\.npmignore\fP and \fB\|\.gitignore\fP files in all subdirectories of your
+package, not only the root directory\.
+.P
+\fB\|\.npmignore\fP files follow the same pattern rules \fIhttps://git\-scm\.com/book/en/v2/Git\-Basics\-Recording\-Changes\-to\-the\-Repository#Ignoring\-Files\fR
+as \fB\|\.gitignore\fP files:
+.RS 0
+.IP \(bu 2
+Blank lines or lines starting with \fB#\fP are ignored\.
+.IP \(bu 2
+Standard glob patterns work\.
+.IP \(bu 2
+You can end patterns with a forward slash \fB/\fP to specify a directory\.
+.IP \(bu 2
+You can negate a pattern by starting it with an exclamation point \fB!\fP\|\.
+
+.RE
+.P
+By default, the following paths and files are ignored, so there's no
+need to add them to \fB\|\.npmignore\fP explicitly:
+.RS 0
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fB\|\.*\.swp\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fB\|\._*\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fB\|\.DS_Store\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fB\|\.git\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fB\|\.hg\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fB\|\.npmrc\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fB\|\.lock\-wscript\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fB\|\.svn\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fB\|\.wafpickle\-*\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fBconfig\.gypi\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fBCVS\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fBnpm\-debug\.log\fP
+
+.RE
+.P
+Additionally, everything in \fBnode_modules\fP is ignored, except for
+bundled dependencies\. npm automatically handles this for you, so don't
+bother adding \fBnode_modules\fP to \fB\|\.npmignore\fP\|\.
+.P
+The following paths and files are never ignored, so adding them to
+\fB\|\.npmignore\fP is pointless:
+.RS 0
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fBpackage\.json\fP
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fBREADME\fP (and its variants)
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fBCHANGELOG\fP (and its variants)
+.IP \(bu 2
+\fBLICENSE\fP / \fBLICENCE\fP
+
+.RE
+.SH Link Packages
+.P
+\fBnpm link\fP is designed to install a development package and see the
+changes in real time without having to keep re\-installing it\.  (You do
+need to either re\-link or \fBnpm rebuild \-g\fP to update compiled packages,
+of course\.)
+.P
+More info at npm help \fBnpm\-link\fP\|\.
+.SH Before Publishing: Make Sure Your Package Installs and Works
+.P
+\fBThis is important\.\fR
+.P
+If you can not install it locally, you'll have
+problems trying to publish it\.  Or, worse yet, you'll be able to
+publish it, but you'll be publishing a broken or pointless package\.
+So don't do that\.
+.P
+In the root of your package, do this:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+npm install \. \-g
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+That'll show you that it's working\.  If you'd rather just create a symlink
+package that points to your working directory, then do this:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+npm link
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+Use \fBnpm ls \-g\fP to see if it's there\.
+.P
+To test a local install, go into some other folder, and then do:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+cd \.\./some\-other\-folder
+npm install \.\./my\-package
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+to install it locally into the node_modules folder in that other place\.
+.P
+Then go into the node\-repl, and try using require("my\-thing") to
+bring in your module's main module\.
+.SH Create a User Account
+.P
+Create a user with the adduser command\.  It works like this:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+npm adduser
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+and then follow the prompts\.
+.P
+This is documented better in npm help adduser\.
+.SH Publish your package
+.P
+This part's easy\.  In the root of your folder, do this:
+.P
+.RS 2
+.nf
+npm publish
+.fi
+.RE
+.P
+You can give publish a url to a tarball, or a filename of a tarball,
+or a path to a folder\.
+.P
+Note that pretty much \fBeverything in that folder will be exposed\fR
+by default\.  So, if you have secret stuff in there, use a
+\fB\|\.npmignore\fP file to list out the globs to ignore, or publish
+from a fresh checkout\.
+.SH Brag about it
+.P
+Send emails, write blogs, blab in IRC\.
+.P
+Tell the world how easy it is to install your program!
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.RS 0
+.IP \(bu 2
+npm help 7 faq
+.IP \(bu 2
+npm help npm
+.IP \(bu 2
+npm help init
+.IP \(bu 2
+npm help 5 package\.json
+.IP \(bu 2
+npm help 7 scripts
+.IP \(bu 2
+npm help publish
+.IP \(bu 2
+npm help adduser
+.IP \(bu 2
+npm help 7 registry
+
+.RE
+