From: Hannu Niemistö Date: Fri, 23 Sep 2016 12:14:20 +0000 (+0300) Subject: Automatic execution of SCL tests in Maven X-Git-Tag: v1.25.0~97 X-Git-Url: https://gerrit.simantics.org/r/gitweb?a=commitdiff_plain;h=0364f8f54b009e9e5de482d5c9d1cb7efb023141;p=simantics%2Fplatform.git Automatic execution of SCL tests in Maven This includes both compiler tests (in tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests) and a test that checks that all SCL modules in org.simantics.sdk feature compile (in tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests). This commit contains also some modifications to make all SCL modules compile: * Disabled Data/Json, because it does not compile (missing jackson) * Committed away Simantics/Image/linkImage Change-Id: I22a460d756f65139971f1e7d2cc8624a7a6b8ffb --- diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 7d3880771..d61db6ef2 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ /**/bin/ /features/*/target/ /bundles/*/target/ +/releng/**/target/ +/tests/*/target/ /**/.polyglot.build.properties diff --git a/bundles/org.simantics.image.ui/scl/Simantics/Image.scl b/bundles/org.simantics.image.ui/scl/Simantics/Image.scl index 74d197f2f..df9ba8360 100644 --- a/bundles/org.simantics.image.ui/scl/Simantics/Image.scl +++ b/bundles/org.simantics.image.ui/scl/Simantics/Image.scl @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ type Image = Resource importJava "org.simantics.image.ui.SCLImage" where @JavaName importImageFromFile importImage :: File -> Library -> Image - - @JavaName linkImage - linkImage :: SVGImage -> Image -> () \ No newline at end of file + +// HN: does not exist +// @JavaName linkImage +// linkImage :: SVGImage -> Image -> () \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bundles/org.simantics.scl.compiler/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF b/bundles/org.simantics.scl.compiler/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF index 389381c96..916e66cfd 100755 --- a/bundles/org.simantics.scl.compiler/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF +++ b/bundles/org.simantics.scl.compiler/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF @@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ Require-Bundle: gnu.trove3;bundle-version="3.0.0", org.objectweb.asm;bundle-version="[5.0.0,6.0.0)", org.objectweb.asm.commons;bundle-version="[5.0.0,6.0.0)", org.objectweb.asm.util;bundle-version="[5.0.0,6.0.0)" -Export-Package: org.simantics.scl.compiler.commands, +Export-Package: org.cojen.classfile, + org.simantics.scl.compiler.commands, org.simantics.scl.compiler.common.datatypes, org.simantics.scl.compiler.common.exceptions, org.simantics.scl.compiler.common.names, @@ -38,12 +39,15 @@ Export-Package: org.simantics.scl.compiler.commands, org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.filter, org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.specification, org.simantics.scl.compiler.errors, + org.simantics.scl.compiler.internal.elaboration.constraints2, + org.simantics.scl.compiler.internal.elaboration.subsumption, org.simantics.scl.compiler.internal.parsing, org.simantics.scl.compiler.internal.parsing.exceptions, org.simantics.scl.compiler.internal.parsing.parser, org.simantics.scl.compiler.markdown.html, org.simantics.scl.compiler.markdown.inlines, org.simantics.scl.compiler.markdown.internal, + org.simantics.scl.compiler.markdown.nodes, org.simantics.scl.compiler.module, org.simantics.scl.compiler.module.coverage, org.simantics.scl.compiler.module.options, diff --git a/bundles/org.simantics.scl.data/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF b/bundles/org.simantics.scl.data/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF index 52095a101..950e59b42 100644 --- a/bundles/org.simantics.scl.data/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF +++ b/bundles/org.simantics.scl.data/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF @@ -7,6 +7,5 @@ Bundle-RequiredExecutionEnvironment: JavaSE-1.7 Require-Bundle: org.simantics.scl.runtime;bundle-version="0.4.0", org.simantics.scl.osgi;bundle-version="1.0.4", org.jdom2;bundle-version="2.0.6", - org.junit;bundle-version="4.12.0";resolution:=optional, - com.fasterxml.jackson.core.jackson-core;bundle-version="2.8.2" + org.junit;bundle-version="4.12.0";resolution:=optional Bundle-ClassPath: . diff --git a/bundles/org.simantics.scl.data/scl/Data/Json.scl b/bundles/org.simantics.scl.data/scl/Data/Json.scl.skip similarity index 100% rename from bundles/org.simantics.scl.data/scl/Data/Json.scl rename to bundles/org.simantics.scl.data/scl/Data/Json.scl.skip diff --git a/pom.xml b/pom.xml index eeebff8e9..85a794381 100644 --- a/pom.xml +++ b/pom.xml @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ bundles features releng + tests diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/.classpath b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/.classpath new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b862a296d --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/.classpath @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + + + + + + + diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/.project b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/.project new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9fa2ae131 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/.project @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests + + + + + + org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder + + + + + org.eclipse.pde.ManifestBuilder + + + + + org.eclipse.pde.SchemaBuilder + + + + + + org.eclipse.pde.PluginNature + org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature + + diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs new file mode 100644 index 000000000..295926d96 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +eclipse.preferences.version=1 +org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.inlineJsrBytecode=enabled +org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.targetPlatform=1.8 +org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.compliance=1.8 +org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.problem.assertIdentifier=error +org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.problem.enumIdentifier=error +org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.source=1.8 diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5caaeecbd --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +Manifest-Version: 1.0 +Bundle-ManifestVersion: 2 +Bundle-Name: Tests +Bundle-SymbolicName: org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests +Bundle-Version: 1.0.0.qualifier +Bundle-RequiredExecutionEnvironment: JavaSE-1.8 +Require-Bundle: org.junit;bundle-version="4.12.0", + org.simantics.scl.compiler;bundle-version="0.5.0", + org.simantics.scl.osgi;bundle-version="1.0.4", + gnu.trove3, + org.objectweb.asm.util, + org.eclipse.equinox.ds;bundle-version="1.4.300" diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/build.properties b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/build.properties new file mode 100644 index 000000000..41eb6ade2 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/build.properties @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +source.. = src/ +output.. = bin/ +bin.includes = META-INF/,\ + . diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/ActiveTests.java b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/ActiveTests.java new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f9533efee --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/ActiveTests.java @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +package org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests; + +import org.junit.Ignore; +import org.junit.Test; + +public class ActiveTests extends TestBase { + + public ActiveTests() { super("scl"); } +/* + @Test public void Equations1() { test(); } + @Test public void MarketModel2() { test(); } + @Test public void Overloading2() { test(); } + @Test public void Overloading3() { test(); } + //@Ignore + @Test public void PatternError() { test(); } + @Test public void Serialization() { test(); } + @Ignore + @Test public void TypeClass2() { test(); } + @Test public void TypeClassBug2() { test(); } + */ + + //@Test public void CityoptSetup() { test(); } + @Test public void EmptyLet() { test(); } +} diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/FindAllowedChars.java b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/FindAllowedChars.java new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e4078670 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/FindAllowedChars.java @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +package org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests; + +import java.lang.reflect.Method; + +import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter; +import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor; +import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes; + +public class FindAllowedChars { + public static class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader { + final String className; + final byte[] classBytes; + + public MyClassLoader(ClassLoader parent, String className, byte[] classBytes) { + super(parent); + this.className = className; + this.classBytes = classBytes; + } + + public MyClassLoader(String className, byte[] classBytes) { + this.className = className; + this.classBytes = classBytes; + } + + @Override + protected Class findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { + if(name.equals(name)) + return defineClass(name, classBytes, 0, classBytes.length); + else + return super.findClass(name); + } + } + + public static void test(String className, String methodName) throws Exception { + ClassWriter classWriter = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS); + classWriter.visit(Opcodes.V1_5, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC, className, null, "java/lang/Object", null); + + MethodVisitor methodVisitor = classWriter.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC | Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, methodName, "()V", null, null); + /*methodVisitor.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, "java/lang/System", "out", "Ljava/io/PrintStream;"); + methodVisitor.visitLdcInsn("Hello world!"); + methodVisitor.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/io/PrintStream", "println", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V", false);*/ + methodVisitor.visitInsn(Opcodes.RETURN); + methodVisitor.visitMaxs(0, 0); + methodVisitor.visitEnd(); + classWriter.visitEnd(); + + ClassLoader loader = new MyClassLoader(className, classWriter.toByteArray()); + Class clazz = loader.loadClass(className); + Method method = clazz.getMethod(methodName); + method.invoke(null); + } + + public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { + for(int a=Character.MIN_VALUE;a maybeModule = PRELUDE_MODULE_REPOSITORY.getModule("Prelude"); + if(!maybeModule.didSucceed()) + return; + Module module = maybeModule.getResult(); + ModuleCoverage coverage = CoverageUtils.getCoverage(module); + if(coverage == null) + return; + coverage.print(System.out); + printCoverageTree(module.getBranchPoints().get("lookup"), 0); + } + + private static void printCoverageTree(BranchPoint[] branchPoints, int ind) { + for(BranchPoint bp : branchPoints) { + for(int i=0;i auxModuleNameList = new ArrayList(); + while(j < testParts.length) { + String part = testParts[j]; + if(part.startsWith("// module ")) + auxModuleNameList.add(part.substring(10).split("\\n", 2)[0].trim()); + else + break; + ++j; + } + int mainId = j; + String[] moduleNames = new String[mainId+1]; + String[] moduleTexts = new String[mainId+1]; + for(int i=0;i result = testEnvironment.getModule(moduleNames[lastId]); + if(!result.didSucceed()) + return ((Failure)result).toString(moduleTexts[lastId]); + else { + Object main = testEnvironment.getRuntimeModule(moduleNames[lastId]).getResult().getValue("main"); + return String.valueOf(main); + } + } + + private String[] readTestParts(String testPath) throws IOException { + InputStream stream = getClass().getResourceAsStream(testPath); + try { + byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; + int pos = 0; + while(true) { + int c = stream.read(buffer, pos, buffer.length-pos); + if(c <= 0) + break; + pos += c; + if(pos < buffer.length) + break; + buffer = Arrays.copyOf(buffer, pos*2); + } + String text = new String(buffer, 0, pos, UTF8); + String[] result = TEST_SEPARATOR.split(text); + for(int i=1;i print i) [1,2,3]"); + session.execute("iter (\\i -> print i) [(),(),()]"); + } + +} diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/TestExpressionEvaluator.java b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/TestExpressionEvaluator.java new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e143c6ab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/TestExpressionEvaluator.java @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ +package org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests; + +import java.util.Arrays; + +import org.junit.Before; +import org.junit.Test; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.elaboration.expressions.EVariable; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.elaboration.expressions.Expression; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.elaboration.expressions.Variable; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.AbstractLocalEnvironment; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.Environment; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.LocalEnvironment; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.specification.EnvironmentSpecification; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.errors.CompilationErrorFormatter; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.module.repository.ImportFailure; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.module.repository.ImportFailureException; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.module.repository.ModuleRepository; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.runtime.RuntimeEnvironment; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.source.repository.CompositeModuleSourceRepository; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.source.repository.SourceRepositories; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.top.ExpressionEvaluator; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.top.SCLExpressionCompilationException; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.types.Type; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.types.Types; +import org.simantics.scl.runtime.function.Function; +import org.simantics.scl.runtime.tuple.Tuple0; + +import junit.framework.Assert; + +public class TestExpressionEvaluator { + + public static final boolean TIMING = false; + public static final int COUNT = 10000; + + ModuleRepository moduleRepository; + + RuntimeEnvironment runtimeEnvironment; + + @Before + public void initialize() throws Exception { + moduleRepository = InitialRepository.getInitialRepository(); + + // Environment for compiling expressions + EnvironmentSpecification environmentSpecification = new EnvironmentSpecification(); + environmentSpecification.importModule("Builtin", ""); + environmentSpecification.importModule("Prelude", ""); + + try { + runtimeEnvironment = moduleRepository.createRuntimeEnvironment(environmentSpecification, + getClass().getClassLoader()); + } catch(ImportFailureException e) { + for(ImportFailure failure : e.failures) + System.err.println("Failed to import " + failure.moduleName); + throw e; + } + } + + private void testExpression0(String expressionText, + Object expectedValue, + Type expectedType) throws Exception { + // Compiling and running expression + try { + Object result = new ExpressionEvaluator(runtimeEnvironment, expressionText) + .expectedType(expectedType) + .eval(); + if(expectedValue != null) + Assert.assertEquals(expectedValue, result); + } catch(SCLExpressionCompilationException e) { + System.out.println(CompilationErrorFormatter.toString(expressionText, e.getErrors())); + throw e; + } + } + + private void testExpression(String expressionText, + Object expectedValue, + Type expectedType) throws Exception { + if(TIMING) { + System.out.println(expressionText); + long beginTime = System.nanoTime(); + for(int i=0;i x) [(1,2),(2,3)]", + Arrays.asList(2.0, 3.0), + Types.list(Types.DOUBLE)); + testExpression("map (\\x -> snd x) [(1,2),(2,3)]", + Arrays.asList(2.0, 3.0), + Types.list(Types.DOUBLE)); + testExpression("let f x = x+1 in (f . f . f) 3", + Double.valueOf(6.0), + Types.DOUBLE); + if(!TIMING) + testExpression("print \"Hello world!\"", + Tuple0.INSTANCE, + Types.UNIT); + testExpression("[1,2+3,4+5]", + Arrays.asList(1,5,9), + Types.list(Types.INTEGER)); + testExpression("let a = 5.3 in let f x = x+a in f 3", + Double.valueOf(8.3), + Types.DOUBLE); + testExpression("let mm x y = if x < y then x else y in mm 2 (mm 1 3)", + Double.valueOf(1.0), + Types.DOUBLE); + } + + @Test + public void testLocalEnvironment() throws Exception { + String expressionText = "a + b"; + LocalEnvironment localEnvironment = new AbstractLocalEnvironment() { + Variable[] localParameters = new Variable[] { + new Variable("a", Types.DOUBLE), + new Variable("b", Types.DOUBLE), + }; + + @Override + public Expression resolve(Environment environment, String localName) { + if(localName.equals("a")) + return new EVariable(localParameters[0]); + else if(localName.equals("b")) + return new EVariable(localParameters[1]); + else + return null; + } + + @Override + protected Variable[] getContextVariables() { + return localParameters; + } + }; + try { + Object result = new ExpressionEvaluator(runtimeEnvironment, expressionText) + .localEnvironment(localEnvironment) + .expectedType(Types.DOUBLE) + .eval(); + Assert.assertEquals( + Double.valueOf(15.0), + ((Function)result).apply(7.0, 8.0)); + } catch(SCLExpressionCompilationException e) { + System.out.println(CompilationErrorFormatter.toString(expressionText, e.getErrors())); + throw e; + } + } + + @Test + public void testArities() throws Exception { + for(int arity=1;arity<50;++arity) { + // Build expressions + StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(); + b.append('\\'); + for(int i=0;i "); + for(int i=0;i 0) + b.append(" + "); + b.append("v" + i); + } + //System.out.println(b.toString()); + + // Compile + Type expectedType = Types.INTEGER; + for(int i=0;i", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)V", false); + + methodWriter.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 1); + methodWriter.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 2); + methodWriter.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESPECIAL, "java/util/concurrent/atomic/AtomicReference", "", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)V", false); + + methodWriter.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 2); + methodWriter.visitInsn(Opcodes.ARETURN); + methodWriter.visitMaxs(0, 0); + methodWriter.visitEnd(); + + byte[] bytes = classWriter.toByteArray(); + ClassLoader classLoader = new ClassLoader() { + @Override + protected Class findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { + if(!name.equals("test.Test")) + throw new ClassNotFoundException(); + return defineClass("test.Test", bytes, 0, bytes.length); + } + }; + Class clazz = classLoader.loadClass("test.Test"); + Method method = clazz.getMethod("main"); + AtomicReference result = (AtomicReference)method.invoke(null); + System.out.println(result.hashCode()); + //System.out.println(result.get().hashCode()); + } + +} diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/experimentation/TestEquals.java b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/experimentation/TestEquals.java new file mode 100644 index 000000000..022ae572f --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/experimentation/TestEquals.java @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +package org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests.experimentation; + +public class TestEquals { + public static boolean eqInt(int a, int b) { + return a==b; + } + + public static boolean eqDouble(double a, double b) { + return a==b; + } + + public static boolean eqObject(Object a, Object b) { + return a.equals(b); + } +} diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/experimentation/TestTypeDesc.java b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/experimentation/TestTypeDesc.java new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71538898d --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/experimentation/TestTypeDesc.java @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +package org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests.experimentation; + +import org.cojen.classfile.TypeDesc; + +public class TestTypeDesc { + public static void main(String[] args) { + System.out.println(TypeDesc.forClass(String.class).getFullName()); + System.out.println(TypeDesc.forClass(String.class).getDescriptor()); + System.out.println(TypeDesc.forClass(String.class).getRootName()); + + } +} diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/imports/Maybe4Imports.java b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/imports/Maybe4Imports.java new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30fe62719 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/imports/Maybe4Imports.java @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +package org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests.imports; + +import java.util.Random; + +public class Maybe4Imports { + + public static Object toMaybeDouble(Random r, String s) { + try { + return new Double(s); + } catch(Exception e) { + return null; + } + } + +} diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/markdown/RunMarkdownTests.java b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/markdown/RunMarkdownTests.java new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9971a020b --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/markdown/RunMarkdownTests.java @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +package org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests.markdown; + +import java.io.BufferedReader; +import java.io.IOException; +import java.io.InputStreamReader; +import java.io.StringReader; +import java.nio.charset.Charset; + +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.markdown.internal.MarkdownParser; +import org.simantics.scl.compiler.markdown.nodes.Node; + +public class RunMarkdownTests { + + public static int FAILED = 0; + public static int SUCCEEDED = 1; + public static int SKIPPED = 2; + + public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { + BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader( + new InputStreamReader( + RunMarkdownTests.class.getResourceAsStream("spec.txt"), + Charset.forName("UTF-8"))); + + StringBuilder in = new StringBuilder(); + StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(); + int state = 0; + int testId = 0; + int passed = 0; + int failed = 0; + int skipped = 0; + while(true) { + String line = reader.readLine(); + if(line == null) + break; + switch(state) { + case 0: + if(line.equals("```````````````````````````````` example")) + ++state; + break; + case 1: + if(line.equals(".")) + ++state; + else { + if(in.length() > 0) + in.append('\n'); + in.append(line); + } + break; + case 2: + if(line.equals("````````````````````````````````")) { + ++testId; + int status = test(testId, in.toString(), out.toString()); + if(status == SUCCEEDED) + ++passed; + else if(status == FAILED) + ++failed; + else + ++skipped; + in = new StringBuilder(); + out = new StringBuilder(); + state = 0; + } + else { + if(out.length() > 0) + out.append('\n'); + out.append(line); + } + break; + } + } + + System.out.println("Passed: " + passed + "/" + testId); + System.out.println("Failed: " + failed + "/" + testId); + System.out.println("Skipped: " + skipped + "/" + testId); + } + + public static int test(int id, String in, String out) throws IOException { + MarkdownParser parser = new MarkdownParser(); + Node node = parser.parseDocument(new StringReader(in.replace('\u2192', '\t'))); + + String result = node.toHtml().replace('\t', '\u2192'); + + boolean passed = result.equals(out); + + if(!passed) { + System.out.println("Example " + id); // + (passed ? " passed" : " failed")); + System.out.println("---- in --------------------------------------------------------------------"); + System.out.println(in); + System.out.println("---- expected --------------------------------------------------------------"); + System.out.println(out); + System.out.println("---- actual ----------------------------------------------------------------"); + System.out.println(result); + System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------------------"); + System.out.println(); + } + + return passed ? SUCCEEDED : FAILED; + } + +} diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/markdown/spec.txt b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/markdown/spec.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bdaed436d --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/markdown/spec.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9252 @@ +--- +title: CommonMark Spec +author: John MacFarlane +version: 0.25 +date: '2016-03-24' +license: '[CC-BY-SA 4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)' +... + +# Introduction + +## What is Markdown? + +Markdown is a plain text format for writing structured documents, +based on conventions used for indicating formatting in email and +usenet posts. It was developed in 2004 by John Gruber, who wrote +the first Markdown-to-HTML converter in perl, and it soon became +widely used in websites. By 2014 there were dozens of +implementations in many languages. Some of them extended basic +Markdown syntax with conventions for footnotes, definition lists, +tables, and other constructs, and some allowed output not just in +HTML but in LaTeX and many other formats. + +## Why is a spec needed? + +John Gruber's [canonical description of Markdown's +syntax](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax) +does not specify the syntax unambiguously. Here are some examples of +questions it does not answer: + +1. How much indentation is needed for a sublist? The spec says that + continuation paragraphs need to be indented four spaces, but is + not fully explicit about sublists. It is natural to think that + they, too, must be indented four spaces, but `Markdown.pl` does + not require that. This is hardly a "corner case," and divergences + between implementations on this issue often lead to surprises for + users in real documents. (See [this comment by John + Gruber](http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/1997).) + +2. Is a blank line needed before a block quote or heading? + Most implementations do not require the blank line. However, + this can lead to unexpected results in hard-wrapped text, and + also to ambiguities in parsing (note that some implementations + put the heading inside the blockquote, while others do not). + (John Gruber has also spoken [in favor of requiring the blank + lines](http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/2146).) + +3. Is a blank line needed before an indented code block? + (`Markdown.pl` requires it, but this is not mentioned in the + documentation, and some implementations do not require it.) + + ``` markdown + paragraph + code? + ``` + +4. What is the exact rule for determining when list items get + wrapped in `

` tags? Can a list be partially "loose" and partially + "tight"? What should we do with a list like this? + + ``` markdown + 1. one + + 2. two + 3. three + ``` + + Or this? + + ``` markdown + 1. one + - a + + - b + 2. two + ``` + + (There are some relevant comments by John Gruber + [here](http://article.gmane.org/gmane.text.markdown.general/2554).) + +5. Can list markers be indented? Can ordered list markers be right-aligned? + + ``` markdown + 8. item 1 + 9. item 2 + 10. item 2a + ``` + +6. Is this one list with a thematic break in its second item, + or two lists separated by a thematic break? + + ``` markdown + * a + * * * * * + * b + ``` + +7. When list markers change from numbers to bullets, do we have + two lists or one? (The Markdown syntax description suggests two, + but the perl scripts and many other implementations produce one.) + + ``` markdown + 1. fee + 2. fie + - foe + - fum + ``` + +8. What are the precedence rules for the markers of inline structure? + For example, is the following a valid link, or does the code span + take precedence ? + + ``` markdown + [a backtick (`)](/url) and [another backtick (`)](/url). + ``` + +9. What are the precedence rules for markers of emphasis and strong + emphasis? For example, how should the following be parsed? + + ``` markdown + *foo *bar* baz* + ``` + +10. What are the precedence rules between block-level and inline-level + structure? For example, how should the following be parsed? + + ``` markdown + - `a long code span can contain a hyphen like this + - and it can screw things up` + ``` + +11. Can list items include section headings? (`Markdown.pl` does not + allow this, but does allow blockquotes to include headings.) + + ``` markdown + - # Heading + ``` + +12. Can list items be empty? + + ``` markdown + * a + * + * b + ``` + +13. Can link references be defined inside block quotes or list items? + + ``` markdown + > Blockquote [foo]. + > + > [foo]: /url + ``` + +14. If there are multiple definitions for the same reference, which takes + precedence? + + ``` markdown + [foo]: /url1 + [foo]: /url2 + + [foo][] + ``` + +In the absence of a spec, early implementers consulted `Markdown.pl` +to resolve these ambiguities. But `Markdown.pl` was quite buggy, and +gave manifestly bad results in many cases, so it was not a +satisfactory replacement for a spec. + +Because there is no unambiguous spec, implementations have diverged +considerably. As a result, users are often surprised to find that +a document that renders one way on one system (say, a github wiki) +renders differently on another (say, converting to docbook using +pandoc). To make matters worse, because nothing in Markdown counts +as a "syntax error," the divergence often isn't discovered right away. + +## About this document + +This document attempts to specify Markdown syntax unambiguously. +It contains many examples with side-by-side Markdown and +HTML. These are intended to double as conformance tests. An +accompanying script `spec_tests.py` can be used to run the tests +against any Markdown program: + + python test/spec_tests.py --spec spec.txt --program PROGRAM + +Since this document describes how Markdown is to be parsed into +an abstract syntax tree, it would have made sense to use an abstract +representation of the syntax tree instead of HTML. But HTML is capable +of representing the structural distinctions we need to make, and the +choice of HTML for the tests makes it possible to run the tests against +an implementation without writing an abstract syntax tree renderer. + +This document is generated from a text file, `spec.txt`, written +in Markdown with a small extension for the side-by-side tests. +The script `tools/makespec.py` can be used to convert `spec.txt` into +HTML or CommonMark (which can then be converted into other formats). + +In the examples, the `→` character is used to represent tabs. + +# Preliminaries + +## Characters and lines + +Any sequence of [characters] is a valid CommonMark +document. + +A [character](@) is a Unicode code point. Although some +code points (for example, combining accents) do not correspond to +characters in an intuitive sense, all code points count as characters +for purposes of this spec. + +This spec does not specify an encoding; it thinks of lines as composed +of [characters] rather than bytes. A conforming parser may be limited +to a certain encoding. + +A [line](@) is a sequence of zero or more [characters] +other than newline (`U+000A`) or carriage return (`U+000D`), +followed by a [line ending] or by the end of file. + +A [line ending](@) is a newline (`U+000A`), a carriage return +(`U+000D`) not followed by a newline, or a carriage return and a +following newline. + +A line containing no characters, or a line containing only spaces +(`U+0020`) or tabs (`U+0009`), is called a [blank line](@). + +The following definitions of character classes will be used in this spec: + +A [whitespace character](@) is a space +(`U+0020`), tab (`U+0009`), newline (`U+000A`), line tabulation (`U+000B`), +form feed (`U+000C`), or carriage return (`U+000D`). + +[Whitespace](@) is a sequence of one or more [whitespace +characters]. + +A [Unicode whitespace character](@) is +any code point in the Unicode `Zs` class, or a tab (`U+0009`), +carriage return (`U+000D`), newline (`U+000A`), or form feed +(`U+000C`). + +[Unicode whitespace](@) is a sequence of one +or more [Unicode whitespace characters]. + +A [space](@) is `U+0020`. + +A [non-whitespace character](@) is any character +that is not a [whitespace character]. + +An [ASCII punctuation character](@) +is `!`, `"`, `#`, `$`, `%`, `&`, `'`, `(`, `)`, +`*`, `+`, `,`, `-`, `.`, `/`, `:`, `;`, `<`, `=`, `>`, `?`, `@`, +`[`, `\`, `]`, `^`, `_`, `` ` ``, `{`, `|`, `}`, or `~`. + +A [punctuation character](@) is an [ASCII +punctuation character] or anything in +the Unicode classes `Pc`, `Pd`, `Pe`, `Pf`, `Pi`, `Po`, or `Ps`. + +## Tabs + +Tabs in lines are not expanded to [spaces]. However, +in contexts where indentation is significant for the +document's structure, tabs behave as if they were replaced +by spaces with a tab stop of 4 characters. + +```````````````````````````````` example +→foo→baz→→bim +. +

foo→baz→→bim
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + →foo→baz→→bim +. +
foo→baz→→bim
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + a→a + ὐ→a +. +
a→a
+ὐ→a
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + - foo + +→bar +. +
    +
  • +

    foo

    +

    bar

    +
    • +
+```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo + +→→bar +. +
    +
  • +

    foo

    +
      bar
+
    +
    • +
+```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +>→→foo +. +
+
  foo
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example +-→→foo +. +
    +
  • +
      foo
+
    +
    • +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +→bar +. +
foo
+bar
+
+```````````````````````````````` + +```````````````````````````````` example + - foo + - bar +→ - baz +. +
    +
  • foo +
      +
    • bar +
        +
      • baz
        • +
      +
      • +
    +
    • +
+```````````````````````````````` + + + +## Insecure characters + +For security reasons, the Unicode character `U+0000` must be replaced +with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (`U+FFFD`). + +# Blocks and inlines + +We can think of a document as a sequence of +[blocks](@)---structural elements like paragraphs, block +quotations, lists, headings, rules, and code blocks. Some blocks (like +block quotes and list items) contain other blocks; others (like +headings and paragraphs) contain [inline](@) content---text, +links, emphasized text, images, code, and so on. + +## Precedence + +Indicators of block structure always take precedence over indicators +of inline structure. So, for example, the following is a list with +two items, not a list with one item containing a code span: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- `one +- two` +. +
    +
  • `one
    • +
  • two`
    • +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +This means that parsing can proceed in two steps: first, the block +structure of the document can be discerned; second, text lines inside +paragraphs, headings, and other block constructs can be parsed for inline +structure. The second step requires information about link reference +definitions that will be available only at the end of the first +step. Note that the first step requires processing lines in sequence, +but the second can be parallelized, since the inline parsing of +one block element does not affect the inline parsing of any other. + +## Container blocks and leaf blocks + +We can divide blocks into two types: +[container block](@)s, +which can contain other blocks, and [leaf block](@)s, +which cannot. + +# Leaf blocks + +This section describes the different kinds of leaf block that make up a +Markdown document. + +## Thematic breaks + +A line consisting of 0-3 spaces of indentation, followed by a sequence +of three or more matching `-`, `_`, or `*` characters, each followed +optionally by any number of spaces, forms a +[thematic break](@). + +```````````````````````````````` example +*** +--- +___ +. +
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Wrong characters: + +```````````````````````````````` example ++++ +. +

+++

+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +=== +. +

===

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Not enough characters: + +```````````````````````````````` example +-- +** +__ +. +

-- +** +__

+```````````````````````````````` + + +One to three spaces indent are allowed: + +```````````````````````````````` example + *** + *** + *** +. +
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces is too many: + +```````````````````````````````` example + *** +. +
***
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + *** +. +

Foo +***

+```````````````````````````````` + + +More than three characters may be used: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_____________________________________ +. +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces are allowed between the characters: + +```````````````````````````````` example + - - - +. +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ** * ** * ** * ** +. +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- - - - +. +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces are allowed at the end: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- - - - +. +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +However, no other characters may occur in the line: + +```````````````````````````````` example +_ _ _ _ a + +a------ + +---a--- +. +

_ _ _ _ a

+

a------

+

---a---

+```````````````````````````````` + + +It is required that all of the [non-whitespace characters] be the same. +So, this is not a thematic break: + +```````````````````````````````` example + *-* +. +

-

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Thematic breaks do not need blank lines before or after: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +*** +- bar +. +
    +
  • foo
    • +
+
+
    +
  • bar
    • +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Thematic breaks can interrupt a paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +*** +bar +. +

Foo

+
+

bar

+```````````````````````````````` + + +If a line of dashes that meets the above conditions for being a +thematic break could also be interpreted as the underline of a [setext +heading], the interpretation as a +[setext heading] takes precedence. Thus, for example, +this is a setext heading, not a paragraph followed by a thematic break: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +--- +bar +. +

Foo

+

bar

+```````````````````````````````` + + +When both a thematic break and a list item are possible +interpretations of a line, the thematic break takes precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +* Foo +* * * +* Bar +. +
    +
  • Foo
    • +
+
+
    +
  • Bar
    • +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +If you want a thematic break in a list item, use a different bullet: + +```````````````````````````````` example +- Foo +- * * * +. +
    +
  • Foo
    • +
  • +
    +
    • +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +## ATX headings + +An [ATX heading](@) +consists of a string of characters, parsed as inline content, between an +opening sequence of 1--6 unescaped `#` characters and an optional +closing sequence of any number of unescaped `#` characters. +The opening sequence of `#` characters must be followed by a +[space] or by the end of line. The optional closing sequence of `#`s must be +preceded by a [space] and may be followed by spaces only. The opening +`#` character may be indented 0-3 spaces. The raw contents of the +heading are stripped of leading and trailing spaces before being parsed +as inline content. The heading level is equal to the number of `#` +characters in the opening sequence. + +Simple headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo +## foo +### foo +#### foo +##### foo +###### foo +. +

foo

+

foo

+

foo

+

foo

+
foo
+
foo
+```````````````````````````````` + + +More than six `#` characters is not a heading: + +```````````````````````````````` example +####### foo +. +

####### foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +At least one space is required between the `#` characters and the +heading's contents, unless the heading is empty. Note that many +implementations currently do not require the space. However, the +space was required by the +[original ATX implementation](http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/atx.py), +and it helps prevent things like the following from being parsed as +headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +#5 bolt + +#hashtag +. +

#5 bolt

+

#hashtag

+```````````````````````````````` + + +A tab will not work: + +```````````````````````````````` example +#→foo +. +

#→foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a heading, because the first `#` is escaped: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\## foo +. +

## foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Contents are parsed as inlines: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo *bar* \*baz\* +. +

foo bar *baz*

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Leading and trailing blanks are ignored in parsing inline content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo +. +

foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +One to three spaces indentation are allowed: + +```````````````````````````````` example + ### foo + ## foo + # foo +. +

foo

+

foo

+

foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces are too much: + +```````````````````````````````` example + # foo +. +
# foo
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo + # bar +. +

foo +# bar

+```````````````````````````````` + + +A closing sequence of `#` characters is optional: + +```````````````````````````````` example +## foo ## + ### bar ### +. +

foo

+

bar

+```````````````````````````````` + + +It need not be the same length as the opening sequence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo ################################## +##### foo ## +. +

foo

+
foo
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Spaces are allowed after the closing sequence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo ### +. +

foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +A sequence of `#` characters with anything but [spaces] following it +is not a closing sequence, but counts as part of the contents of the +heading: + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo ### b +. +

foo ### b

+```````````````````````````````` + + +The closing sequence must be preceded by a space: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# foo# +. +

foo#

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Backslash-escaped `#` characters do not count as part +of the closing sequence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +### foo \### +## foo #\## +# foo \# +. +

foo ###

+

foo ###

+

foo #

+```````````````````````````````` + + +ATX headings need not be separated from surrounding content by blank +lines, and they can interrupt paragraphs: + +```````````````````````````````` example +**** +## foo +**** +. +
+

foo

+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo bar +# baz +Bar foo +. +

Foo bar

+

baz

+

Bar foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +ATX headings can be empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example +## +# +### ### +. +

+

+

+```````````````````````````````` + + +## Setext headings + +A [setext heading](@) consists of one or more +lines of text, each containing at least one [non-whitespace +character], with no more than 3 spaces indentation, followed by +a [setext heading underline]. The lines of text must be such +that, were they not followed by the setext heading underline, +they would be interpreted as a paragraph: they cannot be +interpretable as a [code fence], [ATX heading][ATX headings], +[block quote][block quotes], [thematic break][thematic breaks], +[list item][list items], or [HTML block][HTML blocks]. + +A [setext heading underline](@) is a sequence of +`=` characters or a sequence of `-` characters, with no more than 3 +spaces indentation and any number of trailing spaces. If a line +containing a single `-` can be interpreted as an +empty [list items], it should be interpreted this way +and not as a [setext heading underline]. + +The heading is a level 1 heading if `=` characters are used in +the [setext heading underline], and a level 2 heading if `-` +characters are used. The contents of the heading are the result +of parsing the preceding lines of text as CommonMark inline +content. + +In general, a setext heading need not be preceded or followed by a +blank line. However, it cannot interrupt a paragraph, so when a +setext heading comes after a paragraph, a blank line is needed between +them. + +Simple examples: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo *bar* +========= + +Foo *bar* +--------- +. +

Foo bar

+

Foo bar

+```````````````````````````````` + + +The content of the header may span more than one line: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo *bar +baz* +==== +. +

Foo bar +baz

+```````````````````````````````` + + +The underlining can be any length: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +------------------------- + +Foo += +. +

Foo

+

Foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +The heading content can be indented up to three spaces, and need +not line up with the underlining: + +```````````````````````````````` example + Foo +--- + + Foo +----- + + Foo + === +. +

Foo

+

Foo

+

Foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces indent is too much: + +```````````````````````````````` example + Foo + --- + + Foo +--- +. +
Foo
+---
+
+Foo
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +The setext heading underline can be indented up to three spaces, and +may have trailing spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + ---- +. +

Foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces is too much: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + --- +. +

Foo +---

+```````````````````````````````` + + +The setext heading underline cannot contain internal spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo += = + +Foo +--- - +. +

Foo += =

+

Foo

+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Trailing spaces in the content line do not cause a line break: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +----- +. +

Foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Nor does a backslash at the end: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo\ +---- +. +

Foo\

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Since indicators of block structure take precedence over +indicators of inline structure, the following are setext headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +`Foo +---- +` + + +. +

`Foo

+

`

+

<a title="a lot

+

of dashes"/>

+```````````````````````````````` + + +The setext heading underline cannot be a [lazy continuation +line] in a list item or block quote: + +```````````````````````````````` example +> Foo +--- +. +
+

Foo

+
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +bar +=== +. +
+

foo +bar +===

+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- Foo +--- +. +
    +
  • Foo
    • +
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +A blank line is needed between a paragraph and a following +setext heading, since otherwise the paragraph becomes part +of the heading's content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +Bar +--- +. +

Foo +Bar

+```````````````````````````````` + + +But in general a blank line is not required before or after +setext headings: + +```````````````````````````````` example +--- +Foo +--- +Bar +--- +Baz +. +
+

Foo

+

Bar

+

Baz

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Setext headings cannot be empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example + +==== +. +

====

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Setext heading text lines must not be interpretable as block +constructs other than paragraphs. So, the line of dashes +in these examples gets interpreted as a thematic break: + +```````````````````````````````` example +--- +--- +. +
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +- foo +----- +. +
    +
  • foo
    • +
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +--- +. +
foo
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> foo +----- +. +
+

foo

+
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +If you want a heading with `> foo` as its literal text, you can +use backslash escapes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +\> foo +------ +. +

> foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +**Compatibility note:** Most existing Markdown implementations +do not allow the text of setext headings to span multiple lines. +But there is no consensus about how to interpret + +``` markdown +Foo +bar +--- +baz +``` + +One can find four different interpretations: + +1. paragraph "Foo", heading "bar", paragraph "baz" +2. paragraph "Foo bar", thematic break, paragraph "baz" +3. paragraph "Foo bar --- baz" +4. heading "Foo bar", paragraph "baz" + +We find interpretation 4 most natural, and interpretation 4 +increases the expressive power of CommonMark, by allowing +multiline headings. Authors who want interpretation 1 can +put a blank line after the first paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + +bar +--- +baz +. +

Foo

+

bar

+

baz

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Authors who want interpretation 2 can put blank lines around +the thematic break, + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +bar + +--- + +baz +. +

Foo +bar

+
+

baz

+```````````````````````````````` + + +or use a thematic break that cannot count as a [setext heading +underline], such as + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +bar +* * * +baz +. +

Foo +bar

+
+

baz

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Authors who want interpretation 3 can use backslash escapes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +bar +\--- +baz +. +

Foo +bar +--- +baz

+```````````````````````````````` + + +## Indented code blocks + +An [indented code block](@) is composed of one or more +[indented chunks] separated by blank lines. +An [indented chunk](@) is a sequence of non-blank lines, +each indented four or more spaces. The contents of the code block are +the literal contents of the lines, including trailing +[line endings], minus four spaces of indentation. +An indented code block has no [info string]. + +An indented code block cannot interrupt a paragraph, so there must be +a blank line between a paragraph and a following indented code block. +(A blank line is not needed, however, between a code block and a following +paragraph.) + +```````````````````````````````` example + a simple + indented code block +. +
a simple
+  indented code block
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +If there is any ambiguity between an interpretation of indentation +as a code block and as indicating that material belongs to a [list +item][list items], the list item interpretation takes precedence: + +```````````````````````````````` example + - foo + + bar +. +
    +
  • +

    foo

    +

    bar

    +
    • +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. foo + + - bar +. +
    +
  1. +

    foo

    +
      +
    • bar
      • +
    +
    2. +
+```````````````````````````````` + + + +The contents of a code block are literal text, and do not get parsed +as Markdown: + +```````````````````````````````` example + + *hi* + + - one +. +
<a/>
+*hi*
+
+- one
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Here we have three chunks separated by blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example + chunk1 + + chunk2 + + + + chunk3 +. +
chunk1
+
+chunk2
+
+
+
+chunk3
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Any initial spaces beyond four will be included in the content, even +in interior blank lines: + +```````````````````````````````` example + chunk1 + + chunk2 +. +
chunk1
+  
+  chunk2
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +An indented code block cannot interrupt a paragraph. (This +allows hanging indents and the like.) + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + bar + +. +

Foo +bar

+```````````````````````````````` + + +However, any non-blank line with fewer than four leading spaces ends +the code block immediately. So a paragraph may occur immediately +after indented code: + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +bar +. +
foo
+
+

bar

+```````````````````````````````` + + +And indented code can occur immediately before and after other kinds of +blocks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +# Heading + foo +Heading +------ + foo +---- +. +

Heading

+
foo
+
+

Heading

+
foo
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +The first line can be indented more than four spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo + bar +. +
    foo
+bar
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Blank lines preceding or following an indented code block +are not included in it: + +```````````````````````````````` example + + + foo + + +. +
foo
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Trailing spaces are included in the code block's content: + +```````````````````````````````` example + foo +. +
foo  
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + + +## Fenced code blocks + +A [code fence](@) is a sequence +of at least three consecutive backtick characters (`` ` ``) or +tildes (`~`). (Tildes and backticks cannot be mixed.) +A [fenced code block](@) +begins with a code fence, indented no more than three spaces. + +The line with the opening code fence may optionally contain some text +following the code fence; this is trimmed of leading and trailing +spaces and called the [info string](@). +The [info string] may not contain any backtick +characters. (The reason for this restriction is that otherwise +some inline code would be incorrectly interpreted as the +beginning of a fenced code block.) + +The content of the code block consists of all subsequent lines, until +a closing [code fence] of the same type as the code block +began with (backticks or tildes), and with at least as many backticks +or tildes as the opening code fence. If the leading code fence is +indented N spaces, then up to N spaces of indentation are removed from +each line of the content (if present). (If a content line is not +indented, it is preserved unchanged. If it is indented less than N +spaces, all of the indentation is removed.) + +The closing code fence may be indented up to three spaces, and may be +followed only by spaces, which are ignored. If the end of the +containing block (or document) is reached and no closing code fence +has been found, the code block contains all of the lines after the +opening code fence until the end of the containing block (or +document). (An alternative spec would require backtracking in the +event that a closing code fence is not found. But this makes parsing +much less efficient, and there seems to be no real down side to the +behavior described here.) + +A fenced code block may interrupt a paragraph, and does not require +a blank line either before or after. + +The content of a code fence is treated as literal text, not parsed +as inlines. The first word of the [info string] is typically used to +specify the language of the code sample, and rendered in the `class` +attribute of the `code` tag. However, this spec does not mandate any +particular treatment of the [info string]. + +Here is a simple example with backticks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +< + > +``` +. +
<
+ >
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +With tildes: + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~ +< + > +~~~ +. +
<
+ >
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +The closing code fence must use the same character as the opening +fence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +aaa +~~~ +``` +. +
aaa
+~~~
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~ +aaa +``` +~~~ +. +
aaa
+```
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +The closing code fence must be at least as long as the opening fence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +```` +aaa +``` +`````` +. +
aaa
+```
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~~ +aaa +~~~ +~~~~ +. +
aaa
+~~~
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Unclosed code blocks are closed by the end of the document +(or the enclosing [block quote][block quotes] or [list item][list items]): + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +. +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +````` + +``` +aaa +. +

+```
+aaa
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +> ``` +> aaa + +bbb +. +
+
aaa
+
+
+

bbb

+```````````````````````````````` + + +A code block can have all empty lines as its content: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` + + +``` +. +

+  
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +A code block can be empty: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +``` +. +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Fences can be indented. If the opening fence is indented, +content lines will have equivalent opening indentation removed, +if present: + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` + aaa +aaa +``` +. +
aaa
+aaa
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` +aaa + aaa +aaa + ``` +. +
aaa
+aaa
+aaa
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` + aaa + aaa + aaa + ``` +. +
aaa
+ aaa
+aaa
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Four spaces indentation produces an indented code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` + aaa + ``` +. +
```
+aaa
+```
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Closing fences may be indented by 0-3 spaces, and their indentation +need not match that of the opening fence: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +aaa + ``` +. +
aaa
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + ``` +aaa + ``` +. +
aaa
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +This is not a closing fence, because it is indented 4 spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +aaa + ``` +. +
aaa
+    ```
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + + +Code fences (opening and closing) cannot contain internal spaces: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` ``` +aaa +. +

+aaa

+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~~~~ +aaa +~~~ ~~ +. +
aaa
+~~~ ~~
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Fenced code blocks can interrupt paragraphs, and can be followed +directly by paragraphs, without a blank line between: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +``` +bar +``` +baz +. +

foo

+
bar
+
+

baz

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Other blocks can also occur before and after fenced code blocks +without an intervening blank line: + +```````````````````````````````` example +foo +--- +~~~ +bar +~~~ +# baz +. +

foo

+
bar
+
+

baz

+```````````````````````````````` + + +An [info string] can be provided after the opening code fence. +Opening and closing spaces will be stripped, and the first word, prefixed +with `language-`, is used as the value for the `class` attribute of the +`code` element within the enclosing `pre` element. + +```````````````````````````````` example +```ruby +def foo(x) + return 3 +end +``` +. +
def foo(x)
+  return 3
+end
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +~~~~ ruby startline=3 $%@#$ +def foo(x) + return 3 +end +~~~~~~~ +. +
def foo(x)
+  return 3
+end
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +````; +```` +. +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +[Info strings] for backtick code blocks cannot contain backticks: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` aa ``` +foo +. +

aa +foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Closing code fences cannot have [info strings]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +``` +``` aaa +``` +. +
``` aaa
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + + +## HTML blocks + +An [HTML block](@) is a group of lines that is treated +as raw HTML (and will not be escaped in HTML output). + +There are seven kinds of [HTML block], which can be defined +by their start and end conditions. The block begins with a line that +meets a [start condition](@) (after up to three spaces +optional indentation). It ends with the first subsequent line that +meets a matching [end condition](@), or the last line of +the document, if no line is encountered that meets the +[end condition]. If the first line meets both the [start condition] +and the [end condition], the block will contain just that line. + +1. **Start condition:** line begins with the string ``, or the end of the line.\ +**End condition:** line contains an end tag +``, ``, or `` (case-insensitive; it +need not match the start tag). + +2. **Start condition:** line begins with the string ``. + +3. **Start condition:** line begins with the string ``. + +4. **Start condition:** line begins with the string ``. + +5. **Start condition:** line begins with the string +``. + +6. **Start condition:** line begins the string `<` or ``, or +the string `/>`.\ +**End condition:** line is followed by a [blank line]. + +7. **Start condition:** line begins with a complete [open tag] +or [closing tag] (with any [tag name] other than `script`, +`style`, or `pre`) followed only by [whitespace] +or the end of the line.\ +**End condition:** line is followed by a [blank line]. + +All types of [HTML blocks] except type 7 may interrupt +a paragraph. Blocks of type 7 may not interrupt a paragraph. +(This restriction is intended to prevent unwanted interpretation +of long tags inside a wrapped paragraph as starting HTML blocks.) + +Some simple examples follow. Here are some basic HTML blocks +of type 6: + +```````````````````````````````` example + + + + +
+ hi +
+ +okay. +. + + + + +
+ hi +
+

okay.

+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + +*foo* +```````````````````````````````` + + +Here we have two HTML blocks with a Markdown paragraph between them: + +```````````````````````````````` example +
+ +*Markdown* + +
+. +
+

Markdown

+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +The tag on the first line can be partial, as long +as it is split where there would be whitespace: + +```````````````````````````````` example +
+
+. +
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +
+
+. +
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +An open tag need not be closed: +```````````````````````````````` example +
+*foo* + +*bar* +. +
+*foo* +

bar

+```````````````````````````````` + + + +A partial tag need not even be completed (garbage +in, garbage out): + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. + +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +
+foo +
+. +
+foo +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Everything until the next blank line or end of document +gets included in the HTML block. So, in the following +example, what looks like a Markdown code block +is actually part of the HTML block, which continues until a blank +line or the end of the document is reached: + +```````````````````````````````` example +
+``` c +int x = 33; +``` +. +
+``` c +int x = 33; +``` +```````````````````````````````` + + +To start an [HTML block] with a tag that is *not* in the +list of block-level tags in (6), you must put the tag by +itself on the first line (and it must be complete): + +```````````````````````````````` example + +*bar* + +. + +*bar* + +```````````````````````````````` + + +In type 7 blocks, the [tag name] can be anything: + +```````````````````````````````` example + +*bar* + +. + +*bar* + +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + +*bar* + +. + +*bar* + +```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example + +*bar* +. + +*bar* +```````````````````````````````` + + +These rules are designed to allow us to work with tags that +can function as either block-level or inline-level tags. +The `` tag is a nice example. We can surround content with +`` tags in three different ways. In this case, we get a raw +HTML block, because the `` tag is on a line by itself: + +```````````````````````````````` example + +*foo* + +. + +*foo* + +```````````````````````````````` + + +In this case, we get a raw HTML block that just includes +the `` tag (because it ends with the following blank +line). So the contents get interpreted as CommonMark: + +```````````````````````````````` example + + +*foo* + + +. + +

foo

+ +```````````````````````````````` + + +Finally, in this case, the `` tags are interpreted +as [raw HTML] *inside* the CommonMark paragraph. (Because +the tag is not on a line by itself, we get inline HTML +rather than an [HTML block].) + +```````````````````````````````` example +*foo* +. +

foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +HTML tags designed to contain literal content +(`script`, `style`, `pre`), comments, processing instructions, +and declarations are treated somewhat differently. +Instead of ending at the first blank line, these blocks +end at the first line containing a corresponding end tag. +As a result, these blocks can contain blank lines: + +A pre tag (type 1): + +```````````````````````````````` example +

+import Text.HTML.TagSoup
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = print $ parseTags tags
+
+. +

+import Text.HTML.TagSoup
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = print $ parseTags tags
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +A script tag (type 1): + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. + +```````````````````````````````` + + +A style tag (type 1): + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. + +```````````````````````````````` + + +If there is no matching end tag, the block will end at the +end of the document (or the enclosing [block quote][block quotes] +or [list item][list items]): + +```````````````````````````````` example + +*foo* +. + +

foo

+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +*bar* +*baz* +. +*bar* +

baz

+```````````````````````````````` + + +Note that anything on the last line after the +end tag will be included in the [HTML block]: + +```````````````````````````````` example +1. *bar* +. +1. *bar* +```````````````````````````````` + + +A comment (type 2): + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. + +```````````````````````````````` + + + +A processing instruction (type 3): + +```````````````````````````````` example +'; + +?> +. +'; + +?> +```````````````````````````````` + + +A declaration (type 4): + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. + +```````````````````````````````` + + +CDATA (type 5): + +```````````````````````````````` example + +. + +```````````````````````````````` + + +The opening tag can be indented 1-3 spaces, but not 4: + +```````````````````````````````` example + + + +. + +
<!-- foo -->
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +```````````````````````````````` example +
+ +
+. +
+
<div>
+
+```````````````````````````````` + + +An HTML block of types 1--6 can interrupt a paragraph, and need not be +preceded by a blank line. + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo +
+bar +
+. +

Foo

+
+bar +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +However, a following blank line is needed, except at the end of +a document, and except for blocks of types 1--5, above: + +```````````````````````````````` example +
+bar +
+*foo* +. +
+bar +
+*foo* +```````````````````````````````` + + +HTML blocks of type 7 cannot interrupt a paragraph: + +```````````````````````````````` example +Foo + +baz +. +

Foo + +baz

+```````````````````````````````` + + +This rule differs from John Gruber's original Markdown syntax +specification, which says: + +> The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements — +> e.g. `
`, ``, `
`, `
`, etc. — must be separated from
+> surrounding content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the
+> block should not be indented with tabs or spaces.
+
+In some ways Gruber's rule is more restrictive than the one given
+here:
+
+- It requires that an HTML block be preceded by a blank line.
+- It does not allow the start tag to be indented.
+- It requires a matching end tag, which it also does not allow to
+  be indented.
+
+Most Markdown implementations (including some of Gruber's own) do not
+respect all of these restrictions.
+
+There is one respect, however, in which Gruber's rule is more liberal
+than the one given here, since it allows blank lines to occur inside
+an HTML block.  There are two reasons for disallowing them here.
+First, it removes the need to parse balanced tags, which is
+expensive and can require backtracking from the end of the document
+if no matching end tag is found. Second, it provides a very simple
+and flexible way of including Markdown content inside HTML tags:
+simply separate the Markdown from the HTML using blank lines:
+
+Compare:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+

+
+*Emphasized* text.
+
+

+.
+

+
Emphasized text.

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+

+*Emphasized* text.
+

+.
+

+*Emphasized* text.
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Some Markdown implementations have adopted a convention of
+interpreting content inside tags as text if the open tag has
+the attribute `markdown=1`.  The rule given above seems a simpler and
+more elegant way of achieving the same expressive power, which is also
+much simpler to parse.
+
+The main potential drawback is that one can no longer paste HTML
+blocks into Markdown documents with 100% reliability.  However,
+*in most cases* this will work fine, because the blank lines in
+HTML are usually followed by HTML block tags.  For example:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+ + + + + + + +
+Hi +
+. + + + + +
+Hi +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +There are problems, however, if the inner tags are indented +*and* separated by spaces, as then they will be interpreted as +an indented code block: + +```````````````````````````````` example + + + + + + + + +
+ Hi +
+. + + +
<td>
+  Hi
+</td>
+
+ +
+```````````````````````````````` + + +Fortunately, blank lines are usually not necessary and can be +deleted. The exception is inside `
` tags, but as described
+above, raw HTML blocks starting with `
` *can* contain blank
+lines.
+
+## Link reference definitions
+
+A [link reference definition](@)
+consists of a [link label], indented up to three spaces, followed
+by a colon (`:`), optional [whitespace] (including up to one
+[line ending]), a [link destination],
+optional [whitespace] (including up to one
+[line ending]), and an optional [link
+title], which if it is present must be separated
+from the [link destination] by [whitespace].
+No further [non-whitespace characters] may occur on the line.
+
+A [link reference definition]
+does not correspond to a structural element of a document.  Instead, it
+defines a label which can be used in [reference links]
+and reference-style [images] elsewhere in the document.  [Link
+reference definitions] can come either before or after the links that use
+them.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]: /url "title"
+
+[foo]
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+   [foo]: 
+      /url  
+           'the title'  
+
+[foo]
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[Foo*bar\]]:my_(url) 'title (with parens)'
+
+[Foo*bar\]]
+.
+
Foo*bar]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[Foo bar]:
+
+'title'
+
+[Foo bar]
+.
+
Foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The title may extend over multiple lines:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]: /url '
+title
+line1
+line2
+'
+
+[foo]
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+However, it may not contain a [blank line]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]: /url 'title
+
+with blank line'
+
+[foo]
+.
+
[foo]: /url 'title

+
with blank line'

+
[foo]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The title may be omitted:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]:
+/url
+
+[foo]
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The link destination may not be omitted:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]:
+
+[foo]
+.
+
[foo]:

+
[foo]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Both title and destination can contain backslash escapes
+and literal backslashes:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]: /url\bar\*baz "foo\"bar\baz"
+
+[foo]
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A link can come before its corresponding definition:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]
+
+[foo]: url
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+If there are several matching definitions, the first one takes
+precedence:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]
+
+[foo]: first
+[foo]: second
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+As noted in the section on [Links], matching of labels is
+case-insensitive (see [matches]).
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[FOO]: /url
+
+[Foo]
+.
+
Foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[ΑΓΩ]: /φου
+
+[αγω]
+.
+
αγω

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here is a link reference definition with no corresponding link.
+It contributes nothing to the document.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]: /url
+.
+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here is another one:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[
+foo
+]: /url
+bar
+.
+
bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not a link reference definition, because there are
+[non-whitespace characters] after the title:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]: /url "title" ok
+.
+
[foo]: /url "title" ok

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is a link reference definition, but it has no title:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]: /url
+"title" ok
+.
+
"title" ok

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not a link reference definition, because it is indented
+four spaces:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+    [foo]: /url "title"
+
+[foo]
+.
+
[foo]: /url "title"
+

+
[foo]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not a link reference definition, because it occurs inside
+a code block:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+```
+[foo]: /url
+```
+
+[foo]
+.
+
[foo]: /url
+

+
[foo]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A [link reference definition] cannot interrupt a paragraph.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+Foo
+[bar]: /baz
+
+[bar]
+.
+
Foo
+[bar]: /baz

+
[bar]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+However, it can directly follow other block elements, such as headings
+and thematic breaks, and it need not be followed by a blank line.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+# [Foo]
+[foo]: /url
+> bar
+.
+
Foo

+

+
bar

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Several [link reference definitions]
+can occur one after another, without intervening blank lines.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]: /foo-url "foo"
+[bar]: /bar-url
+  "bar"
+[baz]: /baz-url
+
+[foo],
+[bar],
+[baz]
+.
+
foo,
+bar,
+baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+[Link reference definitions] can occur
+inside block containers, like lists and block quotations.  They
+affect the entire document, not just the container in which they
+are defined:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]
+
+> [foo]: /url
+.
+
foo

+

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+## Paragraphs
+
+A sequence of non-blank lines that cannot be interpreted as other
+kinds of blocks forms a [paragraph](@).
+The contents of the paragraph are the result of parsing the
+paragraph's raw content as inlines.  The paragraph's raw content
+is formed by concatenating the lines and removing initial and final
+[whitespace].
+
+A simple example with two paragraphs:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+aaa
+
+bbb
+.
+
aaa

+
bbb

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Paragraphs can contain multiple lines, but no blank lines:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+aaa
+bbb
+
+ccc
+ddd
+.
+
aaa
+bbb

+
ccc
+ddd

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Multiple blank lines between paragraph have no effect:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+aaa
+
+
+bbb
+.
+
aaa

+
bbb

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Leading spaces are skipped:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+  aaa
+ bbb
+.
+
aaa
+bbb

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Lines after the first may be indented any amount, since indented
+code blocks cannot interrupt paragraphs.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+aaa
+             bbb
+                                       ccc
+.
+
aaa
+bbb
+ccc

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+However, the first line may be indented at most three spaces,
+or an indented code block will be triggered:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+   aaa
+bbb
+.
+
aaa
+bbb

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+    aaa
+bbb
+.
+
aaa
+

+
bbb

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Final spaces are stripped before inline parsing, so a paragraph
+that ends with two or more spaces will not end with a [hard line
+break]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+aaa     
+bbb     
+.
+
aaa

+bbb

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+## Blank lines
+
+[Blank lines] between block-level elements are ignored,
+except for the role they play in determining whether a [list]
+is [tight] or [loose].
+
+Blank lines at the beginning and end of the document are also ignored.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+  
+
+aaa
+  
+
+# aaa
+
+  
+.
+
aaa

+
aaa

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+# Container blocks
+
+A [container block] is a block that has other
+blocks as its contents.  There are two basic kinds of container blocks:
+[block quotes] and [list items].
+[Lists] are meta-containers for [list items].
+
+We define the syntax for container blocks recursively.  The general
+form of the definition is:
+
+> If X is a sequence of blocks, then the result of
+> transforming X in such-and-such a way is a container of type Y
+> with these blocks as its content.
+
+So, we explain what counts as a block quote or list item by explaining
+how these can be *generated* from their contents. This should suffice
+to define the syntax, although it does not give a recipe for *parsing*
+these constructions.  (A recipe is provided below in the section entitled
+[A parsing strategy](#appendix-a-parsing-strategy).)
+
+## Block quotes
+
+A [block quote marker](@)
+consists of 0-3 spaces of initial indent, plus (a) the character `>` together
+with a following space, or (b) a single character `>` not followed by a space.
+
+The following rules define [block quotes]:
+
+1.  **Basic case.**  If a string of lines *Ls* constitute a sequence
+    of blocks *Bs*, then the result of prepending a [block quote
+    marker] to the beginning of each line in *Ls*
+    is a [block quote](#block-quotes) containing *Bs*.
+
+2.  **Laziness.**  If a string of lines *Ls* constitute a [block
+    quote](#block-quotes) with contents *Bs*, then the result of deleting
+    the initial [block quote marker] from one or
+    more lines in which the next [non-whitespace character] after the [block
+    quote marker] is [paragraph continuation
+    text] is a block quote with *Bs* as its content.
+    [Paragraph continuation text](@) is text
+    that will be parsed as part of the content of a paragraph, but does
+    not occur at the beginning of the paragraph.
+
+3.  **Consecutiveness.**  A document cannot contain two [block
+    quotes] in a row unless there is a [blank line] between them.
+
+Nothing else counts as a [block quote](#block-quotes).
+
+Here is a simple example:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> # Foo
+> bar
+> baz
+.
+

+
Foo

+
bar
+baz

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The spaces after the `>` characters can be omitted:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+># Foo
+>bar
+> baz
+.
+

+
Foo

+
bar
+baz

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The `>` characters can be indented 1-3 spaces:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+   > # Foo
+   > bar
+ > baz
+.
+

+
Foo

+
bar
+baz

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Four spaces gives us a code block:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+    > # Foo
+    > bar
+    > baz
+.
+
> # Foo
+> bar
+> baz
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The Laziness clause allows us to omit the `>` before a
+paragraph continuation line:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> # Foo
+> bar
+baz
+.
+

+
Foo

+
bar
+baz

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A block quote can contain some lazy and some non-lazy
+continuation lines:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> bar
+baz
+> foo
+.
+

+
bar
+baz
+foo

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Laziness only applies to lines that would have been continuations of
+paragraphs had they been prepended with [block quote markers].
+For example, the `> ` cannot be omitted in the second line of
+
+``` markdown
+> foo
+> ---
+```
+
+without changing the meaning:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> foo
+---
+.
+

+
foo

+

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Similarly, if we omit the `> ` in the second line of
+
+``` markdown
+> - foo
+> - bar
+```
+
+then the block quote ends after the first line:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> - foo
+- bar
+.
+

+
    
+
  • foo
    • 
+

+

+
    
+
  • bar
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+For the same reason, we can't omit the `> ` in front of
+subsequent lines of an indented or fenced code block:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+>     foo
+    bar
+.
+

+
foo
+

+

+
bar
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> ```
+foo
+```
+.
+

+

+

+
foo

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that in the following case, we have a paragraph
+continuation line:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> foo
+    - bar
+.
+

+
foo
+- bar

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+To see why, note that in
+
+```markdown
+> foo
+>     - bar
+```
+
+the `- bar` is indented too far to start a list, and can't
+be an indented code block because indented code blocks cannot
+interrupt paragraphs, so it is a [paragraph continuation line].
+
+A block quote can be empty:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+>
+.
+

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+>
+>  
+> 
+.
+

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A block quote can have initial or final blank lines:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+>
+> foo
+>  
+.
+

+
foo

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A blank line always separates block quotes:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> foo
+
+> bar
+.
+

+
foo

+

+

+
bar

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+(Most current Markdown implementations, including John Gruber's
+original `Markdown.pl`, will parse this example as a single block quote
+with two paragraphs.  But it seems better to allow the author to decide
+whether two block quotes or one are wanted.)
+
+Consecutiveness means that if we put these block quotes together,
+we get a single block quote:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> foo
+> bar
+.
+

+
foo
+bar

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+To get a block quote with two paragraphs, use:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> foo
+>
+> bar
+.
+

+
foo

+
bar

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Block quotes can interrupt paragraphs:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo
+> bar
+.
+
foo

+

+
bar

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+In general, blank lines are not needed before or after block
+quotes:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> aaa
+***
+> bbb
+.
+

+
aaa

+

+

+

+
bbb

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+However, because of laziness, a blank line is needed between
+a block quote and a following paragraph:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> bar
+baz
+.
+

+
bar
+baz

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> bar
+
+baz
+.
+

+
bar

+

+
baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> bar
+>
+baz
+.
+

+
bar

+

+
baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+It is a consequence of the Laziness rule that any number
+of initial `>`s may be omitted on a continuation line of a
+nested block quote:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> > > foo
+bar
+.
+

+

+

+
foo
+bar

+

+

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+>>> foo
+> bar
+>>baz
+.
+

+

+

+
foo
+bar
+baz

+

+

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+When including an indented code block in a block quote,
+remember that the [block quote marker] includes
+both the `>` and a following space.  So *five spaces* are needed after
+the `>`:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+>     code
+
+>    not code
+.
+

+
code
+

+

+

+
not code

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+## List items
+
+A [list marker](@) is a
+[bullet list marker] or an [ordered list marker].
+
+A [bullet list marker](@)
+is a `-`, `+`, or `*` character.
+
+An [ordered list marker](@)
+is a sequence of 1--9 arabic digits (`0-9`), followed by either a
+`.` character or a `)` character.  (The reason for the length
+limit is that with 10 digits we start seeing integer overflows
+in some browsers.)
+
+The following rules define [list items]:
+
+1.  **Basic case.**  If a sequence of lines *Ls* constitute a sequence of
+    blocks *Bs* starting with a [non-whitespace character] and not separated
+    from each other by more than one blank line, and *M* is a list
+    marker of width *W* followed by 0 < *N* < 5 spaces, then the result
+    of prepending *M* and the following spaces to the first line of
+    *Ls*, and indenting subsequent lines of *Ls* by *W + N* spaces, is a
+    list item with *Bs* as its contents.  The type of the list item
+    (bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list marker.
+    If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a start
+    number, based on the ordered list marker.
+
+For example, let *Ls* be the lines
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+A paragraph
+with two lines.
+
+    indented code
+
+> A block quote.
+.
+
A paragraph
+with two lines.

+
indented code
+

+

+
A block quote.

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+And let *M* be the marker `1.`, and *N* = 2.  Then rule #1 says
+that the following is an ordered list item with start number 1,
+and the same contents as *Ls*:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+1.  A paragraph
+    with two lines.
+
+        indented code
+
+    > A block quote.
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
    A paragraph
+with two lines.
    
+
    indented code
+
    
+
    
+
    A block quote.
    
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The most important thing to notice is that the position of
+the text after the list marker determines how much indentation
+is needed in subsequent blocks in the list item.  If the list
+marker takes up two spaces, and there are three spaces between
+the list marker and the next [non-whitespace character], then blocks
+must be indented five spaces in order to fall under the list
+item.
+
+Here are some examples showing how far content must be indented to be
+put under the list item:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- one
+
+ two
+.
+
    
+
  • one
    • 
+

+
two

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- one
+
+  two
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    one
    
+
    two
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+ -    one
+
+     two
+.
+
    
+
  • one
    • 
+

+
 two
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+ -    one
+
+      two
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    one
    
+
    two
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+It is tempting to think of this in terms of columns:  the continuation
+blocks must be indented at least to the column of the first
+[non-whitespace character] after the list marker. However, that is not quite right.
+The spaces after the list marker determine how much relative indentation
+is needed.  Which column this indentation reaches will depend on
+how the list item is embedded in other constructions, as shown by
+this example:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+   > > 1.  one
+>>
+>>     two
+.
+

+

+
    
+
  1. 
+
    one
    
+
    two
    
+
    2. 
+

+

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here `two` occurs in the same column as the list marker `1.`,
+but is actually contained in the list item, because there is
+sufficient indentation after the last containing blockquote marker.
+
+The converse is also possible.  In the following example, the word `two`
+occurs far to the right of the initial text of the list item, `one`, but
+it is not considered part of the list item, because it is not indented
+far enough past the blockquote marker:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+>>- one
+>>
+  >  > two
+.
+

+

+
    
+
  • one
    • 
+

+
two

+

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that at least one space is needed between the list marker and
+any following content, so these are not list items:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+-one
+
+2.two
+.
+
-one

+
2.two

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A list item may not contain blocks that are separated by more than
+one blank line.  Thus, two blank lines will end a list, unless the
+two blanks are contained in a [fenced code block].
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- foo
+
+  bar
+
+- foo
+
+
+  bar
+
+- ```
+  foo
+
+
+  bar
+  ```
+
+- baz
+
+  + ```
+    foo
+
+
+    bar
+    ```
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    foo
    
+
    bar
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    foo
    
+
    • 
+

+
bar

+
    
+
  • 
+
    foo
+
+
+bar
+
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    baz
    
+
      
+
    • 
+
      foo
+
+
+bar
+
      
+
      • 
+
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A list item may contain any kind of block:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+1.  foo
+
+    ```
+    bar
+    ```
+
+    baz
+
+    > bam
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
    foo
    
+
    bar
+
    
+
    baz
    
+
    
+
    bam
    
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A list item that contains an indented code block will preserve
+empty lines within the code block verbatim, unless there are two
+or more empty lines in a row (since as described above, two
+blank lines end the list):
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- Foo
+
+      bar
+
+      baz
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    Foo
    
+
    bar
+
+baz
+
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- Foo
+
+      bar
+
+
+      baz
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    Foo
    
+
    bar
+
    
+
    • 
+

+
  baz
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that ordered list start numbers must be nine digits or less:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+123456789. ok
+.
+
    
+
  1. ok
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+1234567890. not ok
+.
+
1234567890. not ok

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A start number may begin with 0s:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+0. ok
+.
+
    
+
  1. ok
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+003. ok
+.
+
    
+
  1. ok
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A start number may not be negative:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+-1. not ok
+.
+
-1. not ok

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+2.  **Item starting with indented code.**  If a sequence of lines *Ls*
+    constitute a sequence of blocks *Bs* starting with an indented code
+    block and not separated from each other by more than one blank line,
+    and *M* is a list marker of width *W* followed by
+    one space, then the result of prepending *M* and the following
+    space to the first line of *Ls*, and indenting subsequent lines of
+    *Ls* by *W + 1* spaces, is a list item with *Bs* as its contents.
+    If a line is empty, then it need not be indented.  The type of the
+    list item (bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list
+    marker.  If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a
+    start number, based on the ordered list marker.
+
+An indented code block will have to be indented four spaces beyond
+the edge of the region where text will be included in the list item.
+In the following case that is 6 spaces:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- foo
+
+      bar
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    foo
    
+
    bar
+
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+And in this case it is 11 spaces:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+  10.  foo
+
+           bar
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
    foo
    
+
    bar
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+If the *first* block in the list item is an indented code block,
+then by rule #2, the contents must be indented *one* space after the
+list marker:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+    indented code
+
+paragraph
+
+    more code
+.
+
indented code
+

+
paragraph

+
more code
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+1.     indented code
+
+   paragraph
+
+       more code
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
    indented code
+
    
+
    paragraph
    
+
    more code
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that an additional space indent is interpreted as space
+inside the code block:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+1.      indented code
+
+   paragraph
+
+       more code
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
     indented code
+
    
+
    paragraph
    
+
    more code
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that rules #1 and #2 only apply to two cases:  (a) cases
+in which the lines to be included in a list item begin with a
+[non-whitespace character], and (b) cases in which
+they begin with an indented code
+block.  In a case like the following, where the first block begins with
+a three-space indent, the rules do not allow us to form a list item by
+indenting the whole thing and prepending a list marker:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+   foo
+
+bar
+.
+
foo

+
bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+-    foo
+
+  bar
+.
+
    
+
  • foo
    • 
+

+
bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not a significant restriction, because when a block begins
+with 1-3 spaces indent, the indentation can always be removed without
+a change in interpretation, allowing rule #1 to be applied.  So, in
+the above case:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+-  foo
+
+   bar
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    foo
    
+
    bar
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+3.  **Item starting with a blank line.**  If a sequence of lines *Ls*
+    starting with a single [blank line] constitute a (possibly empty)
+    sequence of blocks *Bs*, not separated from each other by more than
+    one blank line, and *M* is a list marker of width *W*,
+    then the result of prepending *M* to the first line of *Ls*, and
+    indenting subsequent lines of *Ls* by *W + 1* spaces, is a list
+    item with *Bs* as its contents.
+    If a line is empty, then it need not be indented.  The type of the
+    list item (bullet or ordered) is determined by the type of its list
+    marker.  If the list item is ordered, then it is also assigned a
+    start number, based on the ordered list marker.
+
+Here are some list items that start with a blank line but are not empty:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+-
+  foo
+-
+  ```
+  bar
+  ```
+-
+      baz
+.
+
    
+
  • foo
    • 
+
  • 
+
    bar
+
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    baz
+
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+When the list item starts with a blank line, the number of spaces
+following the list marker doesn't change the required indentation:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+-   
+  foo
+.
+
    
+
  • foo
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A list item can begin with at most one blank line.
+In the following example, `foo` is not part of the list
+item:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+-
+
+  foo
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+

+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here is an empty bullet list item:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- foo
+-
+- bar
+.
+
    
+
  • foo
    • 
+
  • 
+
  • bar
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+It does not matter whether there are spaces following the [list marker]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- foo
+-   
+- bar
+.
+
    
+
  • foo
    • 
+
  • 
+
  • bar
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here is an empty ordered list item:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+1. foo
+2.
+3. bar
+.
+
    
+
  1. foo
    2. 
+
  2. 
+
  3. bar
    4. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A list may start or end with an empty list item:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+4.  **Indentation.**  If a sequence of lines *Ls* constitutes a list item
+    according to rule #1, #2, or #3, then the result of indenting each line
+    of *Ls* by 1-3 spaces (the same for each line) also constitutes a
+    list item with the same contents and attributes.  If a line is
+    empty, then it need not be indented.
+
+Indented one space:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+ 1.  A paragraph
+     with two lines.
+
+         indented code
+
+     > A block quote.
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
    A paragraph
+with two lines.
    
+
    indented code
+
    
+
    
+
    A block quote.
    
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Indented two spaces:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+  1.  A paragraph
+      with two lines.
+
+          indented code
+
+      > A block quote.
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
    A paragraph
+with two lines.
    
+
    indented code
+
    
+
    
+
    A block quote.
    
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Indented three spaces:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+   1.  A paragraph
+       with two lines.
+
+           indented code
+
+       > A block quote.
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
    A paragraph
+with two lines.
    
+
    indented code
+
    
+
    
+
    A block quote.
    
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Four spaces indent gives a code block:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+    1.  A paragraph
+        with two lines.
+
+            indented code
+
+        > A block quote.
+.
+
1.  A paragraph
+    with two lines.
+
+        indented code
+
+    > A block quote.
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+5.  **Laziness.**  If a string of lines *Ls* constitute a [list
+    item](#list-items) with contents *Bs*, then the result of deleting
+    some or all of the indentation from one or more lines in which the
+    next [non-whitespace character] after the indentation is
+    [paragraph continuation text] is a
+    list item with the same contents and attributes.  The unindented
+    lines are called
+    [lazy continuation line](@)s.
+
+Here is an example with [lazy continuation lines]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+  1.  A paragraph
+with two lines.
+
+          indented code
+
+      > A block quote.
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
    A paragraph
+with two lines.
    
+
    indented code
+
    
+
    
+
    A block quote.
    
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Indentation can be partially deleted:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+  1.  A paragraph
+    with two lines.
+.
+
    
+
  1. A paragraph
+with two lines.
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+These examples show how laziness can work in nested structures:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> 1. > Blockquote
+continued here.
+.
+

+
    
+
  1. 
+
    
+
    Blockquote
+continued here.
    
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+> 1. > Blockquote
+> continued here.
+.
+

+
    
+
  1. 
+
    
+
    Blockquote
+continued here.
    
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+6.  **That's all.** Nothing that is not counted as a list item by rules
+    #1--5 counts as a [list item](#list-items).
+
+The rules for sublists follow from the general rules above.  A sublist
+must be indented the same number of spaces a paragraph would need to be
+in order to be included in the list item.
+
+So, in this case we need two spaces indent:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- foo
+  - bar
+    - baz
+.
+
    
+
  • foo
+
      
+
    • bar
+
        
+
      • baz
        • 
+
      
+
      • 
+
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+One is not enough:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- foo
+ - bar
+  - baz
+.
+
    
+
  • foo
    • 
+
  • bar
    • 
+
  • baz
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here we need four, because the list marker is wider:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+10) foo
+    - bar
+.
+
    
+
  1. foo
+
      
+
    • bar
      • 
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Three is not enough:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+10) foo
+   - bar
+.
+
    
+
  1. foo
    2. 
+

+
    
+
  • bar
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A list may be the first block in a list item:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- - foo
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
      
+
    • foo
      • 
+
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+1. - 2. foo
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
      
+
    • 
+
        
+
      1. foo
        2. 
+
      
+
      • 
+
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A list item can contain a heading:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- # Foo
+- Bar
+  ---
+  baz
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    Foo
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    Bar
    
+baz
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+### Motivation
+
+John Gruber's Markdown spec says the following about list items:
+
+1. "List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented
+   by up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more
+   spaces or a tab."
+
+2. "To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents....
+   But if you don't want to, you don't have to."
+
+3. "List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent
+   paragraph in a list item must be indented by either 4 spaces or one
+   tab."
+
+4. "It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent paragraphs,
+   but here again, Markdown will allow you to be lazy."
+
+5. "To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's `>`
+   delimiters need to be indented."
+
+6. "To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs to be
+   indented twice — 8 spaces or two tabs."
+
+These rules specify that a paragraph under a list item must be indented
+four spaces (presumably, from the left margin, rather than the start of
+the list marker, but this is not said), and that code under a list item
+must be indented eight spaces instead of the usual four.  They also say
+that a block quote must be indented, but not by how much; however, the
+example given has four spaces indentation.  Although nothing is said
+about other kinds of block-level content, it is certainly reasonable to
+infer that *all* block elements under a list item, including other
+lists, must be indented four spaces.  This principle has been called the
+*four-space rule*.
+
+The four-space rule is clear and principled, and if the reference
+implementation `Markdown.pl` had followed it, it probably would have
+become the standard.  However, `Markdown.pl` allowed paragraphs and
+sublists to start with only two spaces indentation, at least on the
+outer level.  Worse, its behavior was inconsistent: a sublist of an
+outer-level list needed two spaces indentation, but a sublist of this
+sublist needed three spaces.  It is not surprising, then, that different
+implementations of Markdown have developed very different rules for
+determining what comes under a list item.  (Pandoc and python-Markdown,
+for example, stuck with Gruber's syntax description and the four-space
+rule, while discount, redcarpet, marked, PHP Markdown, and others
+followed `Markdown.pl`'s behavior more closely.)
+
+Unfortunately, given the divergences between implementations, there
+is no way to give a spec for list items that will be guaranteed not
+to break any existing documents.  However, the spec given here should
+correctly handle lists formatted with either the four-space rule or
+the more forgiving `Markdown.pl` behavior, provided they are laid out
+in a way that is natural for a human to read.
+
+The strategy here is to let the width and indentation of the list marker
+determine the indentation necessary for blocks to fall under the list
+item, rather than having a fixed and arbitrary number.  The writer can
+think of the body of the list item as a unit which gets indented to the
+right enough to fit the list marker (and any indentation on the list
+marker).  (The laziness rule, #5, then allows continuation lines to be
+unindented if needed.)
+
+This rule is superior, we claim, to any rule requiring a fixed level of
+indentation from the margin.  The four-space rule is clear but
+unnatural. It is quite unintuitive that
+
+``` markdown
+- foo
+
+  bar
+
+  - baz
+```
+
+should be parsed as two lists with an intervening paragraph,
+
+``` html
+
    
+
  • foo
    • 
+

+
bar

+
    
+
  • baz
    • 
+

+```
+
+as the four-space rule demands, rather than a single list,
+
+``` html
+
    
+
  • 
+
    foo
    
+
    bar
    
+
      
+
    • baz
      • 
+
    
+
    • 
+

+```
+
+The choice of four spaces is arbitrary.  It can be learned, but it is
+not likely to be guessed, and it trips up beginners regularly.
+
+Would it help to adopt a two-space rule?  The problem is that such
+a rule, together with the rule allowing 1--3 spaces indentation of the
+initial list marker, allows text that is indented *less than* the
+original list marker to be included in the list item. For example,
+`Markdown.pl` parses
+
+``` markdown
+   - one
+
+  two
+```
+
+as a single list item, with `two` a continuation paragraph:
+
+``` html
+
    
+
  • 
+
    one
    
+
    two
    
+
    • 
+

+```
+
+and similarly
+
+``` markdown
+>   - one
+>
+>  two
+```
+
+as
+
+``` html
+

+
    
+
  • 
+
    one
    
+
    two
    
+
    • 
+

+

+```
+
+This is extremely unintuitive.
+
+Rather than requiring a fixed indent from the margin, we could require
+a fixed indent (say, two spaces, or even one space) from the list marker (which
+may itself be indented).  This proposal would remove the last anomaly
+discussed.  Unlike the spec presented above, it would count the following
+as a list item with a subparagraph, even though the paragraph `bar`
+is not indented as far as the first paragraph `foo`:
+
+``` markdown
+ 10. foo
+
+   bar  
+```
+
+Arguably this text does read like a list item with `bar` as a subparagraph,
+which may count in favor of the proposal.  However, on this proposal indented
+code would have to be indented six spaces after the list marker.  And this
+would break a lot of existing Markdown, which has the pattern:
+
+``` markdown
+1.  foo
+
+        indented code
+```
+
+where the code is indented eight spaces.  The spec above, by contrast, will
+parse this text as expected, since the code block's indentation is measured
+from the beginning of `foo`.
+
+The one case that needs special treatment is a list item that *starts*
+with indented code.  How much indentation is required in that case, since
+we don't have a "first paragraph" to measure from?  Rule #2 simply stipulates
+that in such cases, we require one space indentation from the list marker
+(and then the normal four spaces for the indented code).  This will match the
+four-space rule in cases where the list marker plus its initial indentation
+takes four spaces (a common case), but diverge in other cases.
+
+## Lists
+
+A [list](@) is a sequence of one or more
+list items [of the same type].  The list items
+may be separated by single [blank lines], but two
+blank lines end all containing lists.
+
+Two list items are [of the same type](@)
+if they begin with a [list marker] of the same type.
+Two list markers are of the
+same type if (a) they are bullet list markers using the same character
+(`-`, `+`, or `*`) or (b) they are ordered list numbers with the same
+delimiter (either `.` or `)`).
+
+A list is an [ordered list](@)
+if its constituent list items begin with
+[ordered list markers], and a
+[bullet list](@) if its constituent list
+items begin with [bullet list markers].
+
+The [start number](@)
+of an [ordered list] is determined by the list number of
+its initial list item.  The numbers of subsequent list items are
+disregarded.
+
+A list is [loose](@) if any of its constituent
+list items are separated by blank lines, or if any of its constituent
+list items directly contain two block-level elements with a blank line
+between them.  Otherwise a list is [tight](@).
+(The difference in HTML output is that paragraphs in a loose list are
+wrapped in `
` tags, while paragraphs in a tight list are not.)
+
+Changing the bullet or ordered list delimiter starts a new list:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- foo
+- bar
++ baz
+.
+
    
+
  • foo
    • 
+
  • bar
    • 
+

+
    
+
  • baz
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+1. foo
+2. bar
+3) baz
+.
+
    
+
  1. foo
    2. 
+
  2. bar
    3. 
+

+
    
+
  1. baz
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+In CommonMark, a list can interrupt a paragraph. That is,
+no blank line is needed to separate a paragraph from a following
+list:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+Foo
+- bar
+- baz
+.
+
Foo

+
    
+
  • bar
    • 
+
  • baz
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+`Markdown.pl` does not allow this, through fear of triggering a list
+via a numeral in a hard-wrapped line:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+The number of windows in my house is
+14.  The number of doors is 6.
+.
+
The number of windows in my house is

+
    
+
  1. The number of doors is 6.
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Oddly, `Markdown.pl` *does* allow a blockquote to interrupt a paragraph,
+even though the same considerations might apply.  We think that the two
+cases should be treated the same.  Here are two reasons for allowing
+lists to interrupt paragraphs:
+
+First, it is natural and not uncommon for people to start lists without
+blank lines:
+
+    I need to buy
+    - new shoes
+    - a coat
+    - a plane ticket
+
+Second, we are attracted to a
+
+> [principle of uniformity](@):
+> if a chunk of text has a certain
+> meaning, it will continue to have the same meaning when put into a
+> container block (such as a list item or blockquote).
+
+(Indeed, the spec for [list items] and [block quotes] presupposes
+this principle.) This principle implies that if
+
+      * I need to buy
+        - new shoes
+        - a coat
+        - a plane ticket
+
+is a list item containing a paragraph followed by a nested sublist,
+as all Markdown implementations agree it is (though the paragraph
+may be rendered without `
` tags, since the list is "tight"),
+then
+
+    I need to buy
+    - new shoes
+    - a coat
+    - a plane ticket
+
+by itself should be a paragraph followed by a nested sublist.
+
+Our adherence to the [principle of uniformity]
+thus inclines us to think that there are two coherent packages:
+
+1.  Require blank lines before *all* lists and blockquotes,
+    including lists that occur as sublists inside other list items.
+
+2.  Require blank lines in none of these places.
+
+[reStructuredText](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html) takes
+the first approach, for which there is much to be said.  But the second
+seems more consistent with established practice with Markdown.
+
+There can be blank lines between items, but two blank lines end
+a list:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- foo
+
+- bar
+
+
+- baz
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    foo
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    bar
    
+
    • 
+

+
    
+
  • baz
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+As illustrated above in the section on [list items],
+two blank lines between blocks *within* a list item will also end a
+list:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- foo
+
+
+  bar
+- baz
+.
+
    
+
  • foo
    • 
+

+
bar

+
    
+
  • baz
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Indeed, two blank lines will end *all* containing lists:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- foo
+  - bar
+    - baz
+
+
+      bim
+.
+
    
+
  • foo
+
      
+
    • bar
+
        
+
      • baz
        • 
+
      
+
      • 
+
    
+
    • 
+

+
  bim
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Thus, two blank lines can be used to separate consecutive lists of
+the same type, or to separate a list from an indented code block
+that would otherwise be parsed as a subparagraph of the final list
+item:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- foo
+- bar
+
+
+- baz
+- bim
+.
+
    
+
  • foo
    • 
+
  • bar
    • 
+

+
    
+
  • baz
    • 
+
  • bim
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+-   foo
+
+    notcode
+
+-   foo
+
+
+    code
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    foo
    
+
    notcode
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    foo
    
+
    • 
+

+
code
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+List items need not be indented to the same level.  The following
+list items will be treated as items at the same list level,
+since none is indented enough to belong to the previous list
+item:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- a
+ - b
+  - c
+   - d
+    - e
+   - f
+  - g
+ - h
+- i
+.
+
    
+
  • a
    • 
+
  • b
    • 
+
  • c
    • 
+
  • d
    • 
+
  • e
    • 
+
  • f
    • 
+
  • g
    • 
+
  • h
    • 
+
  • i
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+1. a
+
+  2. b
+
+    3. c
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
    a
    
+
    2. 
+
  2. 
+
    b
    
+
    3. 
+
  3. 
+
    c
    
+
    4. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is a loose list, because there is a blank line between
+two of the list items:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- a
+- b
+
+- c
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    a
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    b
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    c
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+So is this, with a empty second item:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+* a
+*
+
+* c
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    a
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
  • 
+
    c
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+These are loose lists, even though there is no space between the items,
+because one of the items directly contains two block-level elements
+with a blank line between them:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- a
+- b
+
+  c
+- d
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    a
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    b
    
+
    c
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    d
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- a
+- b
+
+  [ref]: /url
+- d
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    a
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    b
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    d
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is a tight list, because the blank lines are in a code block:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- a
+- ```
+  b
+
+
+  ```
+- c
+.
+
    
+
  • a
    • 
+
  • 
+
    b
+
+
+
    
+
    • 
+
  • c
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is a tight list, because the blank line is between two
+paragraphs of a sublist.  So the sublist is loose while
+the outer list is tight:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- a
+  - b
+
+    c
+- d
+.
+
    
+
  • a
+
      
+
    • 
+
      b
      
+
      c
      
+
      • 
+
    
+
    • 
+
  • d
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is a tight list, because the blank line is inside the
+block quote:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+* a
+  > b
+  >
+* c
+.
+
    
+
  • a
+
    
+
    b
    
+
    
+
    • 
+
  • c
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This list is tight, because the consecutive block elements
+are not separated by blank lines:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- a
+  > b
+  ```
+  c
+  ```
+- d
+.
+
    
+
  • a
+
    
+
    b
    
+
    
+
    c
+
    
+
    • 
+
  • d
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A single-paragraph list is tight:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- a
+.
+
    
+
  • a
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- a
+  - b
+.
+
    
+
  • a
+
      
+
    • b
      • 
+
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This list is loose, because of the blank line between the
+two block elements in the list item:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+1. ```
+   foo
+   ```
+
+   bar
+.
+
    
+
  1. 
+
    foo
+
    
+
    bar
    
+
    2. 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here the outer list is loose, the inner list tight:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+* foo
+  * bar
+
+  baz
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    foo
    
+
      
+
    • bar
      • 
+
    
+
    baz
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+- a
+  - b
+  - c
+
+- d
+  - e
+  - f
+.
+
    
+
  • 
+
    a
    
+
      
+
    • b
      • 
+
    • c
      • 
+
    
+
    • 
+
  • 
+
    d
    
+
      
+
    • e
      • 
+
    • f
      • 
+
    
+
    • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+# Inlines
+
+Inlines are parsed sequentially from the beginning of the character
+stream to the end (left to right, in left-to-right languages).
+Thus, for example, in
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`hi`lo`
+.
+
hilo`

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+`hi` is parsed as code, leaving the backtick at the end as a literal
+backtick.
+
+## Backslash escapes
+
+Any ASCII punctuation character may be backslash-escaped:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+\!\"\#\$\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\@\[\\\]\^\_\`\{\|\}\~
+.
+
!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Backslashes before other characters are treated as literal
+backslashes:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+\→\A\a\ \3\φ\«
+.
+
\→\A\a\ \3\φ\«

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Escaped characters are treated as regular characters and do
+not have their usual Markdown meanings:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+\*not emphasized*
+\
 not a tag
+\[not a link](/foo)
+\`not code`
+1\. not a list
+\* not a list
+\# not a heading
+\[foo]: /url "not a reference"
+.
+
*not emphasized*
+<br/> not a tag
+[not a link](/foo)
+`not code`
+1. not a list
+* not a list
+# not a heading
+[foo]: /url "not a reference"

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+If a backslash is itself escaped, the following character is not:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+\\*emphasis*
+.
+
\emphasis

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A backslash at the end of the line is a [hard line break]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo\
+bar
+.
+
foo

+bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Backslash escapes do not work in code blocks, code spans, autolinks, or
+raw HTML:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`` \[\` ``
+.
+
\[\`

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+    \[\]
+.
+
\[\]
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+~~~
+\[\]
+~~~
+.
+
\[\]
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
http://example.com?find=\*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+But they work in all other contexts, including URLs and link titles,
+link references, and [info strings] in [fenced code blocks]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo](/bar\* "ti\*tle")
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]
+
+[foo]: /bar\* "ti\*tle"
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+``` foo\+bar
+foo
+```
+.
+
foo
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+## Entity and numeric character references
+
+All valid HTML entity references and numeric character
+references, except those occuring in code blocks and code spans,
+are recognized as such and treated as equivalent to the
+corresponding Unicode characters.  Conforming CommonMark parsers
+need not store information about whether a particular character
+was represented in the source using a Unicode character or
+an entity reference.
+
+[Entity references](@) consist of `&` + any of the valid
+HTML5 entity names + `;`. The
+document 
+is used as an authoritative source for the valid entity
+references and their corresponding code points.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+  & © Æ Ď
+¾ ℋ ⅆ
+∲ ≧̸
+.
+
  & © Æ Ď
+¾ ℋ ⅆ
+∲ ≧̸

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+[Decimal numeric character
+references](@)
+consist of `&#` + a string of 1--8 arabic digits + `;`. A
+numeric character reference is parsed as the corresponding
+Unicode character. Invalid Unicode code points will be replaced by
+the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (`U+FFFD`).  For security reasons,
+the code point `U+0000` will also be replaced by `U+FFFD`.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+# Ӓ Ϡ � �
+.
+
# Ӓ Ϡ � �

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+[Hexadecimal numeric character
+references](@) consist of `&#` +
+either `X` or `x` + a string of 1-8 hexadecimal digits + `;`.
+They too are parsed as the corresponding Unicode character (this
+time specified with a hexadecimal numeral instead of decimal).
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+" ആ ಫ
+.
+
" ആ ಫ

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here are some nonentities:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+  &x; &#; &#x;
+&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?;
+.
+
&nbsp &x; &#; &#x;
+&ThisIsNotDefined; &hi?;

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Although HTML5 does accept some entity references
+without a trailing semicolon (such as `©`), these are not
+recognized here, because it makes the grammar too ambiguous:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+©
+.
+
&copy

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Strings that are not on the list of HTML5 named entities are not
+recognized as entity references either:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+&MadeUpEntity;
+.
+
&MadeUpEntity;

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Entity and numeric character references are recognized in any
+context besides code spans or code blocks, including
+URLs, [link titles], and [fenced code block][] [info strings]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo](/föö "föö")
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]
+
+[foo]: /föö "föö"
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+``` föö
+foo
+```
+.
+
foo
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Entity and numeric character references are treated as literal
+text in code spans and code blocks:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`föö`
+.
+
f&ouml;&ouml;

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+    föfö
+.
+
f&ouml;f&ouml;
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+## Code spans
+
+A [backtick string](@)
+is a string of one or more backtick characters (`` ` ``) that is neither
+preceded nor followed by a backtick.
+
+A [code span](@) begins with a backtick string and ends with
+a backtick string of equal length.  The contents of the code span are
+the characters between the two backtick strings, with leading and
+trailing spaces and [line endings] removed, and
+[whitespace] collapsed to single spaces.
+
+This is a simple code span:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`foo`
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here two backticks are used, because the code contains a backtick.
+This example also illustrates stripping of leading and trailing spaces:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`` foo ` bar  ``
+.
+
foo ` bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This example shows the motivation for stripping leading and trailing
+spaces:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+` `` `
+.
+
``

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+[Line endings] are treated like spaces:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+``
+foo
+``
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Interior spaces and [line endings] are collapsed into
+single spaces, just as they would be by a browser:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`foo   bar
+  baz`
+.
+
foo bar baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Q: Why not just leave the spaces, since browsers will collapse them
+anyway?  A:  Because we might be targeting a non-HTML format, and we
+shouldn't rely on HTML-specific rendering assumptions.
+
+(Existing implementations differ in their treatment of internal
+spaces and [line endings].  Some, including `Markdown.pl` and
+`showdown`, convert an internal [line ending] into a
+`
` tag.  But this makes things difficult for those who like to
+hard-wrap their paragraphs, since a line break in the midst of a code
+span will cause an unintended line break in the output.  Others just
+leave internal spaces as they are, which is fine if only HTML is being
+targeted.)
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`foo `` bar`
+.
+
foo `` bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that backslash escapes do not work in code spans. All backslashes
+are treated literally:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`foo\`bar`
+.
+
foo\bar`

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Backslash escapes are never needed, because one can always choose a
+string of *n* backtick characters as delimiters, where the code does
+not contain any strings of exactly *n* backtick characters.
+
+Code span backticks have higher precedence than any other inline
+constructs except HTML tags and autolinks.  Thus, for example, this is
+not parsed as emphasized text, since the second `*` is part of a code
+span:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo`*`
+.
+
*foo*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+And this is not parsed as a link:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[not a `link](/foo`)
+.
+
[not a link](/foo)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Code spans, HTML tags, and autolinks have the same precedence.
+Thus, this is code:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+``
+.
+
<a href="">`

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+But this is an HTML tag:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`
+.
+
`

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+And this is code:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+``
+.
+
<http://foo.bar.baz>`

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+But this is an autolink:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`
+.
+
http://foo.bar.`baz`

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+When a backtick string is not closed by a matching backtick string,
+we just have literal backticks:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+```foo``
+.
+
```foo``

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`foo
+.
+
`foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+## Emphasis and strong emphasis
+
+John Gruber's original [Markdown syntax
+description](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#em) says:
+
+> Markdown treats asterisks (`*`) and underscores (`_`) as indicators of
+> emphasis. Text wrapped with one `*` or `_` will be wrapped with an HTML
+> `` tag; double `*`'s or `_`'s will be wrapped with an HTML ``
+> tag.
+
+This is enough for most users, but these rules leave much undecided,
+especially when it comes to nested emphasis.  The original
+`Markdown.pl` test suite makes it clear that triple `***` and
+`___` delimiters can be used for strong emphasis, and most
+implementations have also allowed the following patterns:
+
+``` markdown
+***strong emph***
+***strong** in emph*
+***emph* in strong**
+**in strong *emph***
+*in emph **strong***
+```
+
+The following patterns are less widely supported, but the intent
+is clear and they are useful (especially in contexts like bibliography
+entries):
+
+``` markdown
+*emph *with emph* in it*
+**strong **with strong** in it**
+```
+
+Many implementations have also restricted intraword emphasis to
+the `*` forms, to avoid unwanted emphasis in words containing
+internal underscores.  (It is best practice to put these in code
+spans, but users often do not.)
+
+``` markdown
+internal emphasis: foo*bar*baz
+no emphasis: foo_bar_baz
+```
+
+The rules given below capture all of these patterns, while allowing
+for efficient parsing strategies that do not backtrack.
+
+First, some definitions.  A [delimiter run](@) is either
+a sequence of one or more `*` characters that is not preceded or
+followed by a `*` character, or a sequence of one or more `_`
+characters that is not preceded or followed by a `_` character.
+
+A [left-flanking delimiter run](@) is
+a [delimiter run] that is (a) not followed by [Unicode whitespace],
+and (b) either not followed by a [punctuation character], or
+preceded by [Unicode whitespace] or a [punctuation character].
+For purposes of this definition, the beginning and the end of
+the line count as Unicode whitespace.
+
+A [right-flanking delimiter run](@) is
+a [delimiter run] that is (a) not preceded by [Unicode whitespace],
+and (b) either not preceded by a [punctuation character], or
+followed by [Unicode whitespace] or a [punctuation character].
+For purposes of this definition, the beginning and the end of
+the line count as Unicode whitespace.
+
+Here are some examples of delimiter runs.
+
+  - left-flanking but not right-flanking:
+
+    ```
+    ***abc
+      _abc
+    **"abc"
+     _"abc"
+    ```
+
+  - right-flanking but not left-flanking:
+
+    ```
+     abc***
+     abc_
+    "abc"**
+    "abc"_
+    ```
+
+  - Both left and right-flanking:
+
+    ```
+     abc***def
+    "abc"_"def"
+    ```
+
+  - Neither left nor right-flanking:
+
+    ```
+    abc *** def
+    a _ b
+    ```
+
+(The idea of distinguishing left-flanking and right-flanking
+delimiter runs based on the character before and the character
+after comes from Roopesh Chander's
+[vfmd](http://www.vfmd.org/vfmd-spec/specification/#procedure-for-identifying-emphasis-tags).
+vfmd uses the terminology "emphasis indicator string" instead of "delimiter
+run," and its rules for distinguishing left- and right-flanking runs
+are a bit more complex than the ones given here.)
+
+The following rules define emphasis and strong emphasis:
+
+1.  A single `*` character [can open emphasis](@)
+    iff (if and only if) it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run].
+
+2.  A single `_` character [can open emphasis] iff
+    it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]
+    and either (a) not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]
+    or (b) part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]
+    preceded by punctuation.
+
+3.  A single `*` character [can close emphasis](@)
+    iff it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run].
+
+4.  A single `_` character [can close emphasis] iff
+    it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]
+    and either (a) not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]
+    or (b) part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]
+    followed by punctuation.
+
+5.  A double `**` [can open strong emphasis](@)
+    iff it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run].
+
+6.  A double `__` [can open strong emphasis] iff
+    it is part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]
+    and either (a) not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]
+    or (b) part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]
+    preceded by punctuation.
+
+7.  A double `**` [can close strong emphasis](@)
+    iff it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run].
+
+8.  A double `__` [can close strong emphasis]
+    it is part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]
+    and either (a) not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]
+    or (b) part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]
+    followed by punctuation.
+
+9.  Emphasis begins with a delimiter that [can open emphasis] and ends
+    with a delimiter that [can close emphasis], and that uses the same
+    character (`_` or `*`) as the opening delimiter.  There must
+    be a nonempty sequence of inlines between the open delimiter
+    and the closing delimiter; these form the contents of the emphasis
+    inline.
+
+10. Strong emphasis begins with a delimiter that
+    [can open strong emphasis] and ends with a delimiter that
+    [can close strong emphasis], and that uses the same character
+    (`_` or `*`) as the opening delimiter.
+    There must be a nonempty sequence of inlines between the open
+    delimiter and the closing delimiter; these form the contents of
+    the strong emphasis inline.
+
+11. A literal `*` character cannot occur at the beginning or end of
+    `*`-delimited emphasis or `**`-delimited strong emphasis, unless it
+    is backslash-escaped.
+
+12. A literal `_` character cannot occur at the beginning or end of
+    `_`-delimited emphasis or `__`-delimited strong emphasis, unless it
+    is backslash-escaped.
+
+Where rules 1--12 above are compatible with multiple parsings,
+the following principles resolve ambiguity:
+
+13. The number of nestings should be minimized. Thus, for example,
+    an interpretation `...` is always preferred to
+    `...`.
+
+14. An interpretation `...` is always
+    preferred to `..`.
+
+15. When two potential emphasis or strong emphasis spans overlap,
+    so that the second begins before the first ends and ends after
+    the first ends, the first takes precedence. Thus, for example,
+    `*foo _bar* baz_` is parsed as `foo _bar baz_` rather
+    than `*foo bar* baz`.  For the same reason,
+    `**foo*bar**` is parsed as `foobar*`
+    rather than `foo*bar`.
+
+16. When there are two potential emphasis or strong emphasis spans
+    with the same closing delimiter, the shorter one (the one that
+    opens later) takes precedence. Thus, for example,
+    `**foo **bar baz**` is parsed as `**foo bar baz`
+    rather than `foo **bar baz`.
+
+17. Inline code spans, links, images, and HTML tags group more tightly
+    than emphasis.  So, when there is a choice between an interpretation
+    that contains one of these elements and one that does not, the
+    former always wins.  Thus, for example, `*[foo*](bar)` is
+    parsed as `*foo*` rather than as
+    `[foo](bar)`.
+
+These rules can be illustrated through a series of examples.
+
+Rule 1:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo bar*
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not emphasis, because the opening `*` is followed by
+whitespace, and hence not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+a * foo bar*
+.
+
a * foo bar*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not emphasis, because the opening `*` is preceded
+by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation, and hence
+not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+a*"foo"*
+.
+
a*"foo"*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Unicode nonbreaking spaces count as whitespace, too:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+* a *
+.
+
* a *

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Intraword emphasis with `*` is permitted:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo*bar*
+.
+
foobar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+5*6*78
+.
+
5678

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Rule 2:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_foo bar_
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not emphasis, because the opening `_` is followed by
+whitespace:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_ foo bar_
+.
+
_ foo bar_

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not emphasis, because the opening `_` is preceded
+by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+a_"foo"_
+.
+
a_"foo"_

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Emphasis with `_` is not allowed inside words:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo_bar_
+.
+
foo_bar_

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+5_6_78
+.
+
5_6_78

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+пристаням_стремятся_
+.
+
пристаням_стремятся_

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here `_` does not generate emphasis, because the first delimiter run
+is right-flanking and the second left-flanking:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+aa_"bb"_cc
+.
+
aa_"bb"_cc

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is emphasis, even though the opening delimiter is
+both left- and right-flanking, because it is preceded by
+punctuation:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo-_(bar)_
+.
+
foo-(bar)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Rule 3:
+
+This is not emphasis, because the closing delimiter does
+not match the opening delimiter:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_foo*
+.
+
_foo*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not emphasis, because the closing `*` is preceded by
+whitespace:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo bar *
+.
+
*foo bar *

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A newline also counts as whitespace:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo bar
+*
+.
+
*foo bar

+
    
+
  • 
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not emphasis, because the second `*` is
+preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric
+(hence it is not part of a [right-flanking delimiter run]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*(*foo)
+.
+
*(*foo)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated
+with this example:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*(*foo*)*
+.
+
(foo)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Intraword emphasis with `*` is allowed:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo*bar
+.
+
foobar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+Rule 4:
+
+This is not emphasis, because the closing `_` is preceded by
+whitespace:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_foo bar _
+.
+
_foo bar _

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not emphasis, because the second `_` is
+preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_(_foo)
+.
+
_(_foo)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is emphasis within emphasis:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_(_foo_)_
+.
+
(foo)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Intraword emphasis is disallowed for `_`:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_foo_bar
+.
+
_foo_bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_пристаням_стремятся
+.
+
_пристаням_стремятся

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_foo_bar_baz_
+.
+
foo_bar_baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is emphasis, even though the closing delimiter is
+both left- and right-flanking, because it is followed by
+punctuation:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_(bar)_.
+.
+
(bar).

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Rule 5:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo bar**
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not strong emphasis, because the opening delimiter is
+followed by whitespace:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+** foo bar**
+.
+
** foo bar**

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not strong emphasis, because the opening `**` is preceded
+by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation, and hence
+not part of a [left-flanking delimiter run]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+a**"foo"**
+.
+
a**"foo"**

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Intraword strong emphasis with `**` is permitted:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo**bar**
+.
+
foobar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Rule 6:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__foo bar__
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not strong emphasis, because the opening delimiter is
+followed by whitespace:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__ foo bar__
+.
+
__ foo bar__

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A newline counts as whitespace:
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__
+foo bar__
+.
+
__
+foo bar__

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not strong emphasis, because the opening `__` is preceded
+by an alphanumeric and followed by punctuation:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+a__"foo"__
+.
+
a__"foo"__

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Intraword strong emphasis is forbidden with `__`:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo__bar__
+.
+
foo__bar__

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+5__6__78
+.
+
5__6__78

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+пристаням__стремятся__
+.
+
пристаням__стремятся__

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__foo, __bar__, baz__
+.
+
foo, bar, baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is strong emphasis, even though the opening delimiter is
+both left- and right-flanking, because it is preceded by
+punctuation:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo-__(bar)__
+.
+
foo-(bar)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+Rule 7:
+
+This is not strong emphasis, because the closing delimiter is preceded
+by whitespace:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo bar **
+.
+
**foo bar **

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+(Nor can it be interpreted as an emphasized `*foo bar *`, because of
+Rule 11.)
+
+This is not strong emphasis, because the second `**` is
+preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**(**foo)
+.
+
**(**foo)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated
+with these examples:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*(**foo**)*
+.
+
(foo)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**Gomphocarpus (*Gomphocarpus physocarpus*, syn.
+*Asclepias physocarpa*)**
+.
+
Gomphocarpus (Gomphocarpus physocarpus, syn.
+Asclepias physocarpa)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo "*bar*" foo**
+.
+
foo "bar" foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Intraword emphasis:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo**bar
+.
+
foobar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Rule 8:
+
+This is not strong emphasis, because the closing delimiter is
+preceded by whitespace:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__foo bar __
+.
+
__foo bar __

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is not strong emphasis, because the second `__` is
+preceded by punctuation and followed by an alphanumeric:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__(__foo)
+.
+
__(__foo)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The point of this restriction is more easily appreciated
+with this example:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_(__foo__)_
+.
+
(foo)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Intraword strong emphasis is forbidden with `__`:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__foo__bar
+.
+
__foo__bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__пристаням__стремятся
+.
+
__пристаням__стремятся

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__foo__bar__baz__
+.
+
foo__bar__baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is strong emphasis, even though the closing delimiter is
+both left- and right-flanking, because it is followed by
+punctuation:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__(bar)__.
+.
+
(bar).

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Rule 9:
+
+Any nonempty sequence of inline elements can be the contents of an
+emphasized span.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo [bar](/url)*
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo
+bar*
+.
+
foo
+bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+In particular, emphasis and strong emphasis can be nested
+inside emphasis:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_foo __bar__ baz_
+.
+
foo bar baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_foo _bar_ baz_
+.
+
foo bar baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__foo_ bar_
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo *bar**
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo **bar** baz*
+.
+
foo bar baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+But note:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo**bar**baz*
+.
+
foobarbaz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The difference is that in the preceding case, the internal delimiters
+[can close emphasis], while in the cases with spaces, they cannot.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+***foo** bar*
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo **bar***
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note, however, that in the following case we get no strong
+emphasis, because the opening delimiter is closed by the first
+`*` before `bar`:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo**bar***
+.
+
foobar**

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+Indefinite levels of nesting are possible:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo **bar *baz* bim** bop*
+.
+
foo bar baz bim bop

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo [*bar*](/url)*
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+There can be no empty emphasis or strong emphasis:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+** is not an empty emphasis
+.
+
** is not an empty emphasis

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**** is not an empty strong emphasis
+.
+
**** is not an empty strong emphasis

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+Rule 10:
+
+Any nonempty sequence of inline elements can be the contents of an
+strongly emphasized span.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo [bar](/url)**
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo
+bar**
+.
+
foo
+bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+In particular, emphasis and strong emphasis can be nested
+inside strong emphasis:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__foo _bar_ baz__
+.
+
foo bar baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__foo __bar__ baz__
+.
+
foo bar baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+____foo__ bar__
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo **bar****
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo *bar* baz**
+.
+
foo bar baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+But note:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo*bar*baz**
+.
+
foobarbaz**

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The difference is that in the preceding case, the internal delimiters
+[can close emphasis], while in the cases with spaces, they cannot.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+***foo* bar**
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo *bar***
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Indefinite levels of nesting are possible:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo *bar **baz**
+bim* bop**
+.
+
foo bar baz
+bim bop

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo [*bar*](/url)**
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+There can be no empty emphasis or strong emphasis:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__ is not an empty emphasis
+.
+
__ is not an empty emphasis

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+____ is not an empty strong emphasis
+.
+
____ is not an empty strong emphasis

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+Rule 11:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo ***
+.
+
foo ***

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo *\**
+.
+
foo *

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo *_*
+.
+
foo _

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo *****
+.
+
foo *****

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo **\***
+.
+
foo *

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo **_**
+.
+
foo _

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that when delimiters do not match evenly, Rule 11 determines
+that the excess literal `*` characters will appear outside of the
+emphasis, rather than inside it:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo*
+.
+
*foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo**
+.
+
foo*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+***foo**
+.
+
*foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+****foo*
+.
+
***foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo***
+.
+
foo*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo****
+.
+
foo***

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+Rule 12:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo ___
+.
+
foo ___

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo _\__
+.
+
foo _

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo _*_
+.
+
foo *

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo _____
+.
+
foo _____

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo __\___
+.
+
foo _

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo __*__
+.
+
foo *

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__foo_
+.
+
_foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that when delimiters do not match evenly, Rule 12 determines
+that the excess literal `_` characters will appear outside of the
+emphasis, rather than inside it:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_foo__
+.
+
foo_

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+___foo__
+.
+
_foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+____foo_
+.
+
___foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__foo___
+.
+
foo_

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_foo____
+.
+
foo___

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Rule 13 implies that if you want emphasis nested directly inside
+emphasis, you must use different delimiters:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo**
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*_foo_*
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__foo__
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_*foo*_
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+However, strong emphasis within strong emphasis is possible without
+switching delimiters:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+****foo****
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+____foo____
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+Rule 13 can be applied to arbitrarily long sequences of
+delimiters:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+******foo******
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Rule 14:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+***foo***
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_____foo_____
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Rule 15:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo _bar* baz_
+.
+
foo _bar baz_

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo*bar**
+.
+
foobar*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo __bar *baz bim__ bam*
+.
+
foo bar *baz bim bam

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Rule 16:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**foo **bar baz**
+.
+
**foo bar baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo *bar baz*
+.
+
*foo bar baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Rule 17:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*[bar*](/url)
+.
+
*bar*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_foo [bar_](/url)
+.
+
_foo bar_

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*
+.
+
*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**
+.
+
**

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__
+.
+
__

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*a `*`*
+.
+
a *

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+_a `_`_
+.
+
a _

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+**a
+.
+
**ahttp://foo.bar/?q=**

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+__a
+.
+
__ahttp://foo.bar/?q=__

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+## Links
+
+A link contains [link text] (the visible text), a [link destination]
+(the URI that is the link destination), and optionally a [link title].
+There are two basic kinds of links in Markdown.  In [inline links] the
+destination and title are given immediately after the link text.  In
+[reference links] the destination and title are defined elsewhere in
+the document.
+
+A [link text](@) consists of a sequence of zero or more
+inline elements enclosed by square brackets (`[` and `]`).  The
+following rules apply:
+
+- Links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting. If
+  multiple otherwise valid link definitions appear nested inside each
+  other, the inner-most definition is used.
+
+- Brackets are allowed in the [link text] only if (a) they
+  are backslash-escaped or (b) they appear as a matched pair of brackets,
+  with an open bracket `[`, a sequence of zero or more inlines, and
+  a close bracket `]`.
+
+- Backtick [code spans], [autolinks], and raw [HTML tags] bind more tightly
+  than the brackets in link text.  Thus, for example,
+  `` [foo`]` `` could not be a link text, since the second `]`
+  is part of a code span.
+
+- The brackets in link text bind more tightly than markers for
+  [emphasis and strong emphasis]. Thus, for example, `*[foo*](url)` is a link.
+
+A [link destination](@) consists of either
+
+- a sequence of zero or more characters between an opening `<` and a
+  closing `>` that contains no spaces, line breaks, or unescaped
+  `<` or `>` characters, or
+
+- a nonempty sequence of characters that does not include
+  ASCII space or control characters, and includes parentheses
+  only if (a) they are backslash-escaped or (b) they are part of
+  a balanced pair of unescaped parentheses that is not itself
+  inside a balanced pair of unescaped parentheses.
+
+A [link title](@)  consists of either
+
+- a sequence of zero or more characters between straight double-quote
+  characters (`"`), including a `"` character only if it is
+  backslash-escaped, or
+
+- a sequence of zero or more characters between straight single-quote
+  characters (`'`), including a `'` character only if it is
+  backslash-escaped, or
+
+- a sequence of zero or more characters between matching parentheses
+  (`(...)`), including a `)` character only if it is backslash-escaped.
+
+Although [link titles] may span multiple lines, they may not contain
+a [blank line].
+
+An [inline link](@) consists of a [link text] followed immediately
+by a left parenthesis `(`, optional [whitespace], an optional
+[link destination], an optional [link title] separated from the link
+destination by [whitespace], optional [whitespace], and a right
+parenthesis `)`. The link's text consists of the inlines contained
+in the [link text] (excluding the enclosing square brackets).
+The link's URI consists of the link destination, excluding enclosing
+`<...>` if present, with backslash-escapes in effect as described
+above.  The link's title consists of the link title, excluding its
+enclosing delimiters, with backslash-escapes in effect as described
+above.
+
+Here is a simple inline link:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](/uri "title")
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The title may be omitted:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](/uri)
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Both the title and the destination may be omitted:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link]()
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](<>)
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The destination cannot contain spaces or line breaks,
+even if enclosed in pointy brackets:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](/my uri)
+.
+
[link](/my uri)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link]()
+.
+
[link](</my uri>)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](foo
+bar)
+.
+
[link](foo
+bar)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link]()
+.
+
[link]()

+````````````````````````````````
+
+Parentheses inside the link destination may be escaped:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](\(foo\))
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+One level of balanced parentheses is allowed without escaping:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link]((foo)and(bar))
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+However, if you have parentheses within parentheses, you need to escape
+or use the `<...>` form:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](foo(and(bar)))
+.
+
[link](foo(and(bar)))

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](foo(and\(bar\)))
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link]()
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Parentheses and other symbols can also be escaped, as usual
+in Markdown:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](foo\)\:)
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A link can contain fragment identifiers and queries:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](#fragment)
+
+[link](http://example.com#fragment)
+
+[link](http://example.com?foo=3#frag)
+.
+
link

+
link

+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that a backslash before a non-escapable character is
+just a backslash:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](foo\bar)
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+URL-escaping should be left alone inside the destination, as all
+URL-escaped characters are also valid URL characters. Entity and
+numerical character references in the destination will be parsed
+into the corresponding Unicode code points, as usual.  These may
+be optionally URL-escaped when written as HTML, but this spec
+does not enforce any particular policy for rendering URLs in
+HTML or other formats.  Renderers may make different decisions
+about how to escape or normalize URLs in the output.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](foo%20bä)
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that, because titles can often be parsed as destinations,
+if you try to omit the destination and keep the title, you'll
+get unexpected results:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link]("title")
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Titles may be in single quotes, double quotes, or parentheses:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](/url "title")
+[link](/url 'title')
+[link](/url (title))
+.
+
link
+link
+link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Backslash escapes and entity and numeric character references
+may be used in titles:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](/url "title \""")
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Nested balanced quotes are not allowed without escaping:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](/url "title "and" title")
+.
+
[link](/url "title "and" title")

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+But it is easy to work around this by using a different quote type:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](/url 'title "and" title')
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+(Note:  `Markdown.pl` did allow double quotes inside a double-quoted
+title, and its test suite included a test demonstrating this.
+But it is hard to see a good rationale for the extra complexity this
+brings, since there are already many ways---backslash escaping,
+entity and numeric character references, or using a different
+quote type for the enclosing title---to write titles containing
+double quotes.  `Markdown.pl`'s handling of titles has a number
+of other strange features.  For example, it allows single-quoted
+titles in inline links, but not reference links.  And, in
+reference links but not inline links, it allows a title to begin
+with `"` and end with `)`.  `Markdown.pl` 1.0.1 even allows
+titles with no closing quotation mark, though 1.0.2b8 does not.
+It seems preferable to adopt a simple, rational rule that works
+the same way in inline links and link reference definitions.)
+
+[Whitespace] is allowed around the destination and title:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link](   /uri
+  "title"  )
+.
+
link

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+But it is not allowed between the link text and the
+following parenthesis:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link] (/uri)
+.
+
[link] (/uri)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The link text may contain balanced brackets, but not unbalanced ones,
+unless they are escaped:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link [foo [bar]]](/uri)
+.
+
link [foo [bar]]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link] bar](/uri)
+.
+
[link] bar](/uri)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link [bar](/uri)
+.
+
[link bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link \[bar](/uri)
+.
+
link [bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The link text may contain inline content:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link *foo **bar** `#`*](/uri)
+.
+
link foo bar #

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[![moon](moon.jpg)](/uri)
+.
+
moon

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+However, links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo [bar](/uri)](/uri)
+.
+
[foo bar](/uri)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo *[bar [baz](/uri)](/uri)*](/uri)
+.
+
[foo [bar baz](/uri)](/uri)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![[[foo](uri1)](uri2)](uri3)
+.
+
[foo](uri2)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+These cases illustrate the precedence of link text grouping over
+emphasis grouping:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*[foo*](/uri)
+.
+
*foo*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo *bar](baz*)
+.
+
foo *bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that brackets that *aren't* part of links do not take
+precedence:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo [bar* baz]
+.
+
foo [bar baz]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+These cases illustrate the precedence of HTML tags, code spans,
+and autolinks over link grouping:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo 
+.
+
[foo 

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo`](/uri)`
+.
+
[foo](/uri)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo
+.
+
[foohttp://example.com/?search=](uri)

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+There are three kinds of [reference link](@)s:
+[full](#full-reference-link), [collapsed](#collapsed-reference-link),
+and [shortcut](#shortcut-reference-link).
+
+A [full reference link](@)
+consists of a [link text] immediately followed by a [link label]
+that [matches] a [link reference definition] elsewhere in the document.
+
+A [link label](@)  begins with a left bracket (`[`) and ends
+with the first right bracket (`]`) that is not backslash-escaped.
+Between these brackets there must be at least one [non-whitespace character].
+Unescaped square bracket characters are not allowed in
+[link labels].  A link label can have at most 999
+characters inside the square brackets.
+
+One label [matches](@)
+another just in case their normalized forms are equal.  To normalize a
+label, perform the *Unicode case fold* and collapse consecutive internal
+[whitespace] to a single space.  If there are multiple
+matching reference link definitions, the one that comes first in the
+document is used.  (It is desirable in such cases to emit a warning.)
+
+The contents of the first link label are parsed as inlines, which are
+used as the link's text.  The link's URI and title are provided by the
+matching [link reference definition].
+
+Here is a simple example:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo][bar]
+
+[bar]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The rules for the [link text] are the same as with
+[inline links].  Thus:
+
+The link text may contain balanced brackets, but not unbalanced ones,
+unless they are escaped:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link [foo [bar]]][ref]
+
+[ref]: /uri
+.
+
link [foo [bar]]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link \[bar][ref]
+
+[ref]: /uri
+.
+
link [bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The link text may contain inline content:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[link *foo **bar** `#`*][ref]
+
+[ref]: /uri
+.
+
link foo bar #

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[![moon](moon.jpg)][ref]
+
+[ref]: /uri
+.
+
moon

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+However, links may not contain other links, at any level of nesting.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo [bar](/uri)][ref]
+
+[ref]: /uri
+.
+
[foo bar]ref

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo *bar [baz][ref]*][ref]
+
+[ref]: /uri
+.
+
[foo bar baz]ref

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+(In the examples above, we have two [shortcut reference links]
+instead of one [full reference link].)
+
+The following cases illustrate the precedence of link text grouping over
+emphasis grouping:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*[foo*][ref]
+
+[ref]: /uri
+.
+
*foo*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo *bar][ref]
+
+[ref]: /uri
+.
+
foo *bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+These cases illustrate the precedence of HTML tags, code spans,
+and autolinks over link grouping:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo 
+
+[ref]: /uri
+.
+
[foo 

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo`][ref]`
+
+[ref]: /uri
+.
+
[foo][ref]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo
+
+[ref]: /uri
+.
+
[foohttp://example.com/?search=][ref]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Matching is case-insensitive:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo][BaR]
+
+[bar]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Unicode case fold is used:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[Толпой][Толпой] is a Russian word.
+
+[ТОЛПОЙ]: /url
+.
+
Толпой is a Russian word.

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Consecutive internal [whitespace] is treated as one space for
+purposes of determining matching:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[Foo
+  bar]: /url
+
+[Baz][Foo bar]
+.
+
Baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+No [whitespace] is allowed between the [link text] and the
+[link label]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo] [bar]
+
+[bar]: /url "title"
+.
+
[foo] bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]
+[bar]
+
+[bar]: /url "title"
+.
+
[foo]
+bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+This is a departure from John Gruber's original Markdown syntax
+description, which explicitly allows whitespace between the link
+text and the link label.  It brings reference links in line with
+[inline links], which (according to both original Markdown and
+this spec) cannot have whitespace after the link text.  More
+importantly, it prevents inadvertent capture of consecutive
+[shortcut reference links]. If whitespace is allowed between the
+link text and the link label, then in the following we will have
+a single reference link, not two shortcut reference links, as
+intended:
+
+``` markdown
+[foo]
+[bar]
+
+[foo]: /url1
+[bar]: /url2
+```
+
+(Note that [shortcut reference links] were introduced by Gruber
+himself in a beta version of `Markdown.pl`, but never included
+in the official syntax description.  Without shortcut reference
+links, it is harmless to allow space between the link text and
+link label; but once shortcut references are introduced, it is
+too dangerous to allow this, as it frequently leads to
+unintended results.)
+
+When there are multiple matching [link reference definitions],
+the first is used:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]: /url1
+
+[foo]: /url2
+
+[bar][foo]
+.
+
bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that matching is performed on normalized strings, not parsed
+inline content.  So the following does not match, even though the
+labels define equivalent inline content:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[bar][foo\!]
+
+[foo!]: /url
+.
+
[bar][foo!]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+[Link labels] cannot contain brackets, unless they are
+backslash-escaped:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo][ref[]
+
+[ref[]: /uri
+.
+
[foo][ref[]

+
[ref[]: /uri

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo][ref[bar]]
+
+[ref[bar]]: /uri
+.
+
[foo][ref[bar]]

+
[ref[bar]]: /uri

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[[[foo]]]
+
+[[[foo]]]: /url
+.
+
[[[foo]]]

+
[[[foo]]]: /url

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo][ref\[]
+
+[ref\[]: /uri
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that in this example `]` is not backslash-escaped:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[bar\\]: /uri
+
+[bar\\]
+.
+
bar\

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A [link label] must contain at least one [non-whitespace character]:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[]
+
+[]: /uri
+.
+
[]

+
[]: /uri

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[
+ ]
+
+[
+ ]: /uri
+.
+
[
+]

+
[
+]: /uri

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A [collapsed reference link](@)
+consists of a [link label] that [matches] a
+[link reference definition] elsewhere in the
+document, followed by the string `[]`.
+The contents of the first link label are parsed as inlines,
+which are used as the link's text.  The link's URI and title are
+provided by the matching reference link definition.  Thus,
+`[foo][]` is equivalent to `[foo][foo]`.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo][]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[*foo* bar][]
+
+[*foo* bar]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The link labels are case-insensitive:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[Foo][]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
Foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+As with full reference links, [whitespace] is not
+allowed between the two sets of brackets:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo] 
+[]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo
+[]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A [shortcut reference link](@)
+consists of a [link label] that [matches] a
+[link reference definition] elsewhere in the
+document and is not followed by `[]` or a link label.
+The contents of the first link label are parsed as inlines,
+which are used as the link's text.  the link's URI and title
+are provided by the matching link reference definition.
+Thus, `[foo]` is equivalent to `[foo][]`.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[*foo* bar]
+
+[*foo* bar]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[[*foo* bar]]
+
+[*foo* bar]: /url "title"
+.
+
[foo bar]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[[bar [foo]
+
+[foo]: /url
+.
+
[[bar foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The link labels are case-insensitive:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[Foo]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
Foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A space after the link text should be preserved:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo] bar
+
+[foo]: /url
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+If you just want bracketed text, you can backslash-escape the
+opening bracket to avoid links:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+\[foo]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
[foo]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that this is a link, because a link label ends with the first
+following closing bracket:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo*]: /url
+
+*[foo*]
+.
+
*foo*

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Full references take precedence over shortcut references:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo][bar]
+
+[foo]: /url1
+[bar]: /url2
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+In the following case `[bar][baz]` is parsed as a reference,
+`[foo]` as normal text:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo][bar][baz]
+
+[baz]: /url
+.
+
[foo]bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here, though, `[foo][bar]` is parsed as a reference, since
+`[bar]` is defined:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo][bar][baz]
+
+[baz]: /url1
+[bar]: /url2
+.
+
foobaz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Here `[foo]` is not parsed as a shortcut reference, because it
+is followed by a link label (even though `[bar]` is not defined):
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+[foo][bar][baz]
+
+[baz]: /url1
+[foo]: /url2
+.
+
[foo]bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+## Images
+
+Syntax for images is like the syntax for links, with one
+difference. Instead of [link text], we have an
+[image description](@).  The rules for this are the
+same as for [link text], except that (a) an
+image description starts with `![` rather than `[`, and
+(b) an image description may contain links.
+An image description has inline elements
+as its contents.  When an image is rendered to HTML,
+this is standardly used as the image's `alt` attribute.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo](/url "title")
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo *bar*]
+
+[foo *bar*]: train.jpg "train & tracks"
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo ![bar](/url)](/url2)
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo [bar](/url)](/url2)
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Though this spec is concerned with parsing, not rendering, it is
+recommended that in rendering to HTML, only the plain string content
+of the [image description] be used.  Note that in
+the above example, the alt attribute's value is `foo bar`, not `foo
+[bar](/url)` or `foo bar`.  Only the plain string
+content is rendered, without formatting.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo *bar*][]
+
+[foo *bar*]: train.jpg "train & tracks"
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo *bar*][foobar]
+
+[FOOBAR]: train.jpg "train & tracks"
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo](train.jpg)
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+My ![foo bar](/path/to/train.jpg  "title"   )
+.
+
My foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo]()
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![](/url)
+.
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Reference-style:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo][bar]
+
+[bar]: /url
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo][bar]
+
+[BAR]: /url
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Collapsed:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo][]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![*foo* bar][]
+
+[*foo* bar]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The labels are case-insensitive:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![Foo][]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
Foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+As with reference links, [whitespace] is not allowed
+between the two sets of brackets:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo] 
+[]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo
+[]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Shortcut:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![foo]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![*foo* bar]
+
+[*foo* bar]: /url "title"
+.
+
foo bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that link labels cannot contain unescaped brackets:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![[foo]]
+
+[[foo]]: /url "title"
+.
+
![[foo]]

+
[[foo]]: /url "title"

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+The link labels are case-insensitive:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+![Foo]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
Foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+If you just want bracketed text, you can backslash-escape the
+opening `!` and `[`:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+\!\[foo]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
![foo]

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+If you want a link after a literal `!`, backslash-escape the
+`!`:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+\![foo]
+
+[foo]: /url "title"
+.
+
!foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+## Autolinks
+
+[Autolink](@)s are absolute URIs and email addresses inside
+`<` and `>`. They are parsed as links, with the URL or email address
+as the link label.
+
+A [URI autolink](@) consists of `<`, followed by an
+[absolute URI] not containing `<`, followed by `>`.  It is parsed as
+a link to the URI, with the URI as the link's label.
+
+An [absolute URI](@),
+for these purposes, consists of a [scheme] followed by a colon (`:`)
+followed by zero or more characters other than ASCII
+[whitespace] and control characters, `<`, and `>`.  If
+the URI includes these characters, they must be percent-encoded
+(e.g. `%20` for a space).
+
+For purposes of this spec, a [scheme](@) is any sequence
+of 2--32 characters beginning with an ASCII letter and followed
+by any combination of ASCII letters, digits, or the symbols plus
+("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-").
+
+Here are some valid autolinks:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
http://foo.bar.baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
http://foo.bar.baz/test?q=hello&id=22&boolean

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
irc://foo.bar:2233/baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Uppercase is also fine:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
MAILTO:FOO@BAR.BAZ

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Note that many strings that count as [absolute URIs] for
+purposes of this spec are not valid URIs, because their
+schemes are not registered or because of other problems
+with their syntax:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
a+b+c:d

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
made-up-scheme://foo,bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
http://../

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
localhost:5001/foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Spaces are not allowed in autolinks:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
<http://foo.bar/baz bim>

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Backslash-escapes do not work inside autolinks:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
http://example.com/\[\

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+An [email autolink](@)
+consists of `<`, followed by an [email address],
+followed by `>`.  The link's label is the email address,
+and the URL is `mailto:` followed by the email address.
+
+An [email address](@),
+for these purposes, is anything that matches
+the [non-normative regex from the HTML5
+spec](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#e-mail-state-(type=email)):
+
+    /^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?
+    (?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$/
+
+Examples of email autolinks:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
foo@bar.example.com

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
foo+special@Bar.baz-bar0.com

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Backslash-escapes do not work inside email autolinks:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
<foo+@bar.example.com>

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+These are not autolinks:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+<>
+.
+
<>

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+< http://foo.bar >
+.
+
< http://foo.bar >

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
<m:abc>

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
<foo.bar.baz>

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+http://example.com
+.
+
http://example.com

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo@bar.example.com
+.
+
foo@bar.example.com

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+## Raw HTML
+
+Text between `<` and `>` that looks like an HTML tag is parsed as a
+raw HTML tag and will be rendered in HTML without escaping.
+Tag and attribute names are not limited to current HTML tags,
+so custom tags (and even, say, DocBook tags) may be used.
+
+Here is the grammar for tags:
+
+A [tag name](@) consists of an ASCII letter
+followed by zero or more ASCII letters, digits, or
+hyphens (`-`).
+
+An [attribute](@) consists of [whitespace],
+an [attribute name], and an optional
+[attribute value specification].
+
+An [attribute name](@)
+consists of an ASCII letter, `_`, or `:`, followed by zero or more ASCII
+letters, digits, `_`, `.`, `:`, or `-`.  (Note:  This is the XML
+specification restricted to ASCII.  HTML5 is laxer.)
+
+An [attribute value specification](@)
+consists of optional [whitespace],
+a `=` character, optional [whitespace], and an [attribute
+value].
+
+An [attribute value](@)
+consists of an [unquoted attribute value],
+a [single-quoted attribute value], or a [double-quoted attribute value].
+
+An [unquoted attribute value](@)
+is a nonempty string of characters not
+including spaces, `"`, `'`, `=`, `<`, `>`, or `` ` ``.
+
+A [single-quoted attribute value](@)
+consists of `'`, zero or more
+characters not including `'`, and a final `'`.
+
+A [double-quoted attribute value](@)
+consists of `"`, zero or more
+characters not including `"`, and a final `"`.
+
+An [open tag](@) consists of a `<` character, a [tag name],
+zero or more [attributes], optional [whitespace], an optional `/`
+character, and a `>` character.
+
+A [closing tag](@) consists of the string ``.
+
+An [HTML comment](@) consists of ``,
+where *text* does not start with `>` or `->`, does not end with `-`,
+and does not contain `--`.  (See the
+[HTML5 spec](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/syntax.html#comments).)
+
+A [processing instruction](@)
+consists of the string ``, and the string
+`?>`.
+
+A [declaration](@) consists of the
+string ``, and the character `>`.
+
+A [CDATA section](@) consists of
+the string ``, and the string `]]>`.
+
+An [HTML tag](@) consists of an [open tag], a [closing tag],
+an [HTML comment], a [processing instruction], a [declaration],
+or a [CDATA section].
+
+Here are some simple open tags:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Empty elements:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+[Whitespace] is allowed:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+With attributes:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Custom tag names can be used:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+Foo 
+.
+
Foo 

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Illegal tag names, not parsed as HTML:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+<33> <__>
+.
+
<33> <__>

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Illegal attribute names:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
<a h*#ref="hi">

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Illegal attribute values:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
</a href="foo">

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Comments:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo 
+.
+
foo 

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo 
+.
+
foo <!-- not a comment -- two hyphens -->

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Not comments:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo  foo -->
+
+foo 
+.
+
foo <!--> foo -->

+
foo <!-- foo--->

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Processing instructions:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo 
+.
+
foo 

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Declarations:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo 
+.
+
foo 

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+CDATA sections:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo &<]]>
+.
+
foo &<]]>

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Entity and numeric character references are preserved in HTML
+attributes:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo 
+.
+
foo 

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Backslash escapes do not work in HTML attributes:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo 
+.
+
foo 

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+
<a href=""">

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+## Hard line breaks
+
+A line break (not in a code span or HTML tag) that is preceded
+by two or more spaces and does not occur at the end of a block
+is parsed as a [hard line break](@) (rendered
+in HTML as a `
` tag):
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo  
+baz
+.
+
foo

+baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+For a more visible alternative, a backslash before the
+[line ending] may be used instead of two spaces:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo\
+baz
+.
+
foo

+baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+More than two spaces can be used:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo       
+baz
+.
+
foo

+baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Leading spaces at the beginning of the next line are ignored:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo  
+     bar
+.
+
foo

+bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo\
+     bar
+.
+
foo

+bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Line breaks can occur inside emphasis, links, and other constructs
+that allow inline content:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo  
+bar*
+.
+
foo

+bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+*foo\
+bar*
+.
+
foo

+bar

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Line breaks do not occur inside code spans
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`code  
+span`
+.
+
code span

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+`code\
+span`
+.
+
code\ span

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+or HTML tags:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+
+.
+

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Hard line breaks are for separating inline content within a block.
+Neither syntax for hard line breaks works at the end of a paragraph or
+other block element:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo\
+.
+
foo\

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo  
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+### foo\
+.
+
foo\

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+### foo  
+.
+
foo

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+## Soft line breaks
+
+A regular line break (not in a code span or HTML tag) that is not
+preceded by two or more spaces or a backslash is parsed as a
+softbreak.  (A softbreak may be rendered in HTML either as a
+[line ending] or as a space. The result will be the same in
+browsers. In the examples here, a [line ending] will be used.)
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo
+baz
+.
+
foo
+baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Spaces at the end of the line and beginning of the next line are
+removed:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+foo 
+ baz
+.
+
foo
+baz

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+A conforming parser may render a soft line break in HTML either as a
+line break or as a space.
+
+A renderer may also provide an option to render soft line breaks
+as hard line breaks.
+
+## Textual content
+
+Any characters not given an interpretation by the above rules will
+be parsed as plain textual content.
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+hello $.;'there
+.
+
hello $.;'there

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+Foo χρῆν
+.
+
Foo χρῆν

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+Internal spaces are preserved verbatim:
+
+```````````````````````````````` example
+Multiple     spaces
+.
+
Multiple     spaces

+````````````````````````````````
+
+
+
+
+# Appendix: A parsing strategy
+
+In this appendix we describe some features of the parsing strategy
+used in the CommonMark reference implementations.
+
+## Overview
+
+Parsing has two phases:
+
+1. In the first phase, lines of input are consumed and the block
+structure of the document---its division into paragraphs, block quotes,
+list items, and so on---is constructed.  Text is assigned to these
+blocks but not parsed. Link reference definitions are parsed and a
+map of links is constructed.
+
+2. In the second phase, the raw text contents of paragraphs and headings
+are parsed into sequences of Markdown inline elements (strings,
+code spans, links, emphasis, and so on), using the map of link
+references constructed in phase 1.
+
+At each point in processing, the document is represented as a tree of
+**blocks**.  The root of the tree is a `document` block.  The `document`
+may have any number of other blocks as **children**.  These children
+may, in turn, have other blocks as children.  The last child of a block
+is normally considered **open**, meaning that subsequent lines of input
+can alter its contents.  (Blocks that are not open are **closed**.)
+Here, for example, is a possible document tree, with the open blocks
+marked by arrows:
+
+``` tree
+-> document
+  -> block_quote
+       paragraph
+         "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet."
+    -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-)
+         list_item
+           paragraph
+             "Qui *quodsi iracundia*"
+      -> list_item
+        -> paragraph
+             "aliquando id"
+```
+
+## Phase 1: block structure
+
+Each line that is processed has an effect on this tree.  The line is
+analyzed and, depending on its contents, the document may be altered
+in one or more of the following ways:
+
+1. One or more open blocks may be closed.
+2. One or more new blocks may be created as children of the
+   last open block.
+3. Text may be added to the last (deepest) open block remaining
+   on the tree.
+
+Once a line has been incorporated into the tree in this way,
+it can be discarded, so input can be read in a stream.
+
+For each line, we follow this procedure:
+
+1. First we iterate through the open blocks, starting with the
+root document, and descending through last children down to the last
+open block.  Each block imposes a condition that the line must satisfy
+if the block is to remain open.  For example, a block quote requires a
+`>` character.  A paragraph requires a non-blank line.
+In this phase we may match all or just some of the open
+blocks.  But we cannot close unmatched blocks yet, because we may have a
+[lazy continuation line].
+
+2.  Next, after consuming the continuation markers for existing
+blocks, we look for new block starts (e.g. `>` for a block quote.
+If we encounter a new block start, we close any blocks unmatched
+in step 1 before creating the new block as a child of the last
+matched block.
+
+3.  Finally, we look at the remainder of the line (after block
+markers like `>`, list markers, and indentation have been consumed).
+This is text that can be incorporated into the last open
+block (a paragraph, code block, heading, or raw HTML).
+
+Setext headings are formed when we see a line of a paragraph
+that is a [setext heading underline].
+
+Reference link definitions are detected when a paragraph is closed;
+the accumulated text lines are parsed to see if they begin with
+one or more reference link definitions.  Any remainder becomes a
+normal paragraph.
+
+We can see how this works by considering how the tree above is
+generated by four lines of Markdown:
+
+``` markdown
+> Lorem ipsum dolor
+sit amet.
+> - Qui *quodsi iracundia*
+> - aliquando id
+```
+
+At the outset, our document model is just
+
+``` tree
+-> document
+```
+
+The first line of our text,
+
+``` markdown
+> Lorem ipsum dolor
+```
+
+causes a `block_quote` block to be created as a child of our
+open `document` block, and a `paragraph` block as a child of
+the `block_quote`.  Then the text is added to the last open
+block, the `paragraph`:
+
+``` tree
+-> document
+  -> block_quote
+    -> paragraph
+         "Lorem ipsum dolor"
+```
+
+The next line,
+
+``` markdown
+sit amet.
+```
+
+is a "lazy continuation" of the open `paragraph`, so it gets added
+to the paragraph's text:
+
+``` tree
+-> document
+  -> block_quote
+    -> paragraph
+         "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet."
+```
+
+The third line,
+
+``` markdown
+> - Qui *quodsi iracundia*
+```
+
+causes the `paragraph` block to be closed, and a new `list` block
+opened as a child of the `block_quote`.  A `list_item` is also
+added as a child of the `list`, and a `paragraph` as a child of
+the `list_item`.  The text is then added to the new `paragraph`:
+
+``` tree
+-> document
+  -> block_quote
+       paragraph
+         "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet."
+    -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-)
+      -> list_item
+        -> paragraph
+             "Qui *quodsi iracundia*"
+```
+
+The fourth line,
+
+``` markdown
+> - aliquando id
+```
+
+causes the `list_item` (and its child the `paragraph`) to be closed,
+and a new `list_item` opened up as child of the `list`.  A `paragraph`
+is added as a child of the new `list_item`, to contain the text.
+We thus obtain the final tree:
+
+``` tree
+-> document
+  -> block_quote
+       paragraph
+         "Lorem ipsum dolor\nsit amet."
+    -> list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-)
+         list_item
+           paragraph
+             "Qui *quodsi iracundia*"
+      -> list_item
+        -> paragraph
+             "aliquando id"
+```
+
+## Phase 2: inline structure
+
+Once all of the input has been parsed, all open blocks are closed.
+
+We then "walk the tree," visiting every node, and parse raw
+string contents of paragraphs and headings as inlines.  At this
+point we have seen all the link reference definitions, so we can
+resolve reference links as we go.
+
+``` tree
+document
+  block_quote
+    paragraph
+      str "Lorem ipsum dolor"
+      softbreak
+      str "sit amet."
+    list (type=bullet tight=true bullet_char=-)
+      list_item
+        paragraph
+          str "Qui "
+          emph
+            str "quodsi iracundia"
+      list_item
+        paragraph
+          str "aliquando id"
+```
+
+Notice how the [line ending] in the first paragraph has
+been parsed as a `softbreak`, and the asterisks in the first list item
+have become an `emph`.
+
+### An algorithm for parsing nested emphasis and links
+
+By far the trickiest part of inline parsing is handling emphasis,
+strong emphasis, links, and images.  This is done using the following
+algorithm.
+
+When we're parsing inlines and we hit either
+
+- a run of `*` or `_` characters, or
+- a `[` or `![`
+
+we insert a text node with these symbols as its literal content, and we
+add a pointer to this text node to the [delimiter stack](@).
+
+The [delimiter stack] is a doubly linked list.  Each
+element contains a pointer to a text node, plus information about
+
+- the type of delimiter (`[`, `![`, `*`, `_`)
+- the number of delimiters,
+- whether the delimiter is "active" (all are active to start), and
+- whether the delimiter is a potential opener, a potential closer,
+  or both (which depends on what sort of characters precede
+  and follow the delimiters).
+
+When we hit a `]` character, we call the *look for link or image*
+procedure (see below).
+
+When we hit the end of the input, we call the *process emphasis*
+procedure (see below), with `stack_bottom` = NULL.
+
+#### *look for link or image*
+
+Starting at the top of the delimiter stack, we look backwards
+through the stack for an opening `[` or `![` delimiter.
+
+- If we don't find one, we return a literal text node `]`.
+
+- If we do find one, but it's not *active*, we remove the inactive
+  delimiter from the stack, and return a literal text node `]`.
+
+- If we find one and it's active, then we parse ahead to see if
+  we have an inline link/image, reference link/image, compact reference
+  link/image, or shortcut reference link/image.
+
+  + If we don't, then we remove the opening delimiter from the
+    delimiter stack and return a literal text node `]`.
+
+  + If we do, then
+
+    * We return a link or image node whose children are the inlines
+      after the text node pointed to by the opening delimiter.
+
+    * We run *process emphasis* on these inlines, with the `[` opener
+      as `stack_bottom`.
+
+    * We remove the opening delimiter.
+
+    * If we have a link (and not an image), we also set all
+      `[` delimiters before the opening delimiter to *inactive*.  (This
+      will prevent us from getting links within links.)
+
+#### *process emphasis*
+
+Parameter `stack_bottom` sets a lower bound to how far we
+descend in the [delimiter stack].  If it is NULL, we can
+go all the way to the bottom.  Otherwise, we stop before
+visiting `stack_bottom`.
+
+Let `current_position` point to the element on the [delimiter stack]
+just above `stack_bottom` (or the first element if `stack_bottom`
+is NULL).
+
+We keep track of the `openers_bottom` for each delimiter
+type (`*`, `_`).  Initialize this to `stack_bottom`.
+
+Then we repeat the following until we run out of potential
+closers:
+
+- Move `current_position` forward in the delimiter stack (if needed)
+  until we find the first potential closer with delimiter `*` or `_`.
+  (This will be the potential closer closest
+  to the beginning of the input -- the first one in parse order.)
+
+- Now, look back in the stack (staying above `stack_bottom` and
+  the `openers_bottom` for this delimiter type) for the
+  first matching potential opener ("matching" means same delimiter).
+
+- If one is found:
+
+  + Figure out whether we have emphasis or strong emphasis:
+    if both closer and opener spans have length >= 2, we have
+    strong, otherwise regular.
+
+  + Insert an emph or strong emph node accordingly, after
+    the text node corresponding to the opener.
+
+  + Remove any delimiters between the opener and closer from
+    the delimiter stack.
+
+  + Remove 1 (for regular emph) or 2 (for strong emph) delimiters
+    from the opening and closing text nodes.  If they become empty
+    as a result, remove them and remove the corresponding element
+    of the delimiter stack.  If the closing node is removed, reset
+    `current_position` to the next element in the stack.
+
+- If none in found:
+
+  + Set `openers_bottom` to the element before `current_position`.
+    (We know that there are no openers for this kind of closer up to and
+    including this point, so this puts a lower bound on future searches.)
+
+  + If the closer at `current_position` is not a potential opener,
+    remove it from the delimiter stack (since we know it can't
+    be a closer either).
+
+  + Advance `current_position` to the next element in the stack.
+
+After we're done, we remove all delimiters above `stack_bottom` from the
+delimiter stack.
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/performance/SumOfInverses.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/performance/SumOfInverses.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3f940760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/performance/SumOfInverses.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main :: Double -> Double
+main m = loop 1 0
+  where
+    loop x cur = if x > m
+                 then cur
+                 else loop (x+1) (cur + 1 / x)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/performance/SumOfInverses2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/performance/SumOfInverses2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7745029bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/performance/SumOfInverses2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main :: Integer -> Double
+main m = sum [1/(fromInteger x) | x <- [1..m]]
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/AmbiguousType.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/AmbiguousType.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4871d7d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/AmbiguousType.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+
+class Show a where
+    show :: a -> String
+    
+class Read a where
+    read :: String -> a
+  
+combine x = show (read x)
+--
+9:13-9:17: Constrain Show a contains free variables not mentioned in the type of the value.
+9:19-9:23: Constrain Read a contains free variables not mentioned in the type of the value.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ApplicationOfNunfunction.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ApplicationOfNunfunction.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13167bee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ApplicationOfNunfunction.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+main = "Hello" "world!"
+--
+1:8-1:24: Application of non-function.
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Arity1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Arity1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa48e47c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Arity1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+data Foo a = Foo a
+
+f :: Foo a -> a
+f = \Foo a -> a 
+
+main = "Not to be executed"
+--
+5:6-5:11: Arity is 1 but 2 patterns have been given.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/AsPattern.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/AsPattern.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e3337099
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/AsPattern.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+sort p@(a,b) | Java.icmpgt a b = (b,a)
+             | True            = p
+               
+main = sort (sort (2 :: Integer,1 :: Integer))
+--
+(1,2)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BigContext.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BigContext.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc70cc23c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BigContext.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = do 
+  a1 = 1
+  a2 = 1
+  a3 = 1
+  a4 = 1
+  a5 = 1
+  a6 = 1
+  a7 = 1
+  a8 = 1
+  a9 = 1
+  a10 = 1
+  a11 = 1
+  a12 = 1
+  a13 = 1
+  a14 = 1
+  a15 = 1
+  a16 = 1
+  a17 = 1
+  a18 = 1
+  a19 = 1
+  a20 = 1
+  f x = x + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + a6 + a7 + a8 + a9 + a10 + 
+            a11 + a12 + a13 + a14 + a15 + a16 + a17 + a18 + a19 + a20
+  f 10
+--
+30
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BigFunction.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BigFunction.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..102bc1d7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BigFunction.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+f a b c d e f g h = a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h
+
+main = (id f) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
+--
+36
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BigInstances.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BigInstances.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c64b1b703
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BigInstances.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+class Foo a where
+    foo :: a
+    
+class (Foo a) => Bar a where
+    bar :: a
+    
+instance Bar Double where
+    foo x = x
+    bar x = x
+    
+main = foo 3.0 + bar 4.0
+--
+7.0
+
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BinaryOperators1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BinaryOperators1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86263c9aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BinaryOperators1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+data E = E String
+
+instance Additive E where
+    zero = E "0"
+    E a + E b = E ("(" + a + "+" + b + ")")
+    
+instance Ring E where
+    one = E "1"
+    neg (E a) = E ("(-" + a + ")")
+    E a - E b = E ("(" + a + "-" + b + ")")
+    E a * E b = E ("(" + a + "*" + b + ")") 
+    fromInteger x = E (show x)
+
+eToString (E a) = a
+
+a = E "a"
+b = E "b"
+c = E "c"
+d = E "d"
+
+main = eToString (-a + b + (-c*d))
+--
+(((-a)+b)+(-(c*d))) 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BlankExpression.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BlankExpression.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f31e144e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BlankExpression.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+main = _
+--
+???
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BooleanId.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BooleanId.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2044c1c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/BooleanId.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+@private
+@inline
+not True = False
+not False = True
+
+@private
+@inline
+id x = not (not x)
+
+main = id True
+--
+true
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Bug4450.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Bug4450.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54e65c2e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Bug4450.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+csvWrite :: String -> [[String]] ->  ()
+csvWrite fname rows = ()
+
+/// Like writeEntries but with a transformer function also for values.
+/// kfun key + vfun value should have the length of header.
+writeEntries' :: (k -> [String]) -> (v -> [String])
+    -> String -> [String] -> [(k, v)] ->  ()
+writeEntries' kfun vfun fname header rows =
+    csvWrite fname $ [header] + [kfun k + vfun v | (k, v) <- rows]
+    
+main = "OK"
+--
+OK
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Character1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Character1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b08d2aef3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Character1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = subChar '6' '0'
+--
+6
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingClass.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingClass.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dee1e8d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingClass.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+class A a where
+    foo :: a
+    
+class A a where
+    bar :: a
+--
+5:1-6:13: Class A has already been defined in this module.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingData.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingData.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60245db07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingData.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+data A = A
+data A = B
+--
+3:1-3:11: Type A has already been defined in this module.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingInstance.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingInstance.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72178db3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingInstance.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+infixl 6 (+)
+
+class Additive a where 
+    (+)  :: a -> a -> a    
+    
+instance Additive Double where
+    (+) = Java.dadd
+
+instance Additive Double where
+    (+) = Java.dadd
+--
+11:1-12:20: Duplicate definition of the instance Additive Double.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingValueDefinition.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingValueDefinition.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7ec72a43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingValueDefinition.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+a = 1
+a = 2
+main = "Should not be executed."
+--
+???
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingValueType.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingValueType.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d248d20f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ClashingValueType.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+id :: Integer -> Integer
+id :: Double -> Double
+id x = x
+--
+3:1-3:23: Type of id has already been declared in this module.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Collaz.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Collaz.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e4552d0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Collaz.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+f x = if x `mod` 2 == 0
+      then x `div` 2
+      else 3*x + 1
+fd x = unfoldr (\x -> do
+                   r = f x 
+                   if x == 1
+                   then Nothing
+                   else Just (x,r)
+                ) x
+
+//main :: [Integer]                
+main = fd 7
+--
+[7, 22, 11, 34, 17, 52, 26, 13, 40, 20, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Compose.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Compose.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fad8b9b67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Compose.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+(+) = Java.iadd
+(-) = Java.isub
+(*) = Java.imul
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a) 
+
+compose :: List (a -> a) -> a -> a
+compose Nil        x = x
+compose (Cons h t) x = compose t (h x)
+
+succ x = x + 1
+prec x = x - 1
+double x = x * 2
+
+f = compose (Cons succ (Cons double (Cons prec Nil)))
+main = f 13
+--
+27
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Composition.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Composition.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80b1c06a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Composition.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+infixr 9 (.)
+
+@private
+@inline
+(f . g) = \x -> f (g x)
+
+@private
+@inline
+flip (x,y) = (y,x)
+
+@private
+@inline
+flip4 = flip . flip . flip . flip
+
+main = flip4 ("a", "b")
+--
+(a,b)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ConjunctionMacro.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ConjunctionMacro.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99188f8bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ConjunctionMacro.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+(&&) :: Boolean -> ( Boolean) ->  Boolean
+a && b = if a then b else False
+
+main = False && fail "Should not be evaluated!"
+--
+false
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Constant.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Constant.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ea0367bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Constant.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+a = 14 :: Integer
+
+main = a
+--
+14
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ConstructorNameClash.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ConstructorNameClash.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52826a538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ConstructorNameClash.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+data Vec2 = Vec2 Double Double
+data Vec3 = Vec2 Double Double Double
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+3:13-3:38: Value Vec2 is already defined.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DefaultMethods1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DefaultMethods1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..142dd30a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DefaultMethods1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+class Ord a where
+    (<) :: a -> a -> Boolean
+    min :: a -> a -> a
+    min x y = if x < y then x else y
+    
+instance Ord Integer where
+    (<) = Java.icmplt
+
+main = min (43 :: Integer) (69 :: Integer) 
+--
+43
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Deriving3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Deriving3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec2f5b7bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Deriving3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+a,b,c,d :: Either Boolean Boolean
+a = Left False
+b = Left True 
+c = Right False
+d = Right True
+
+main = a == a
+    && a < b
+    && a < c
+    && a < d
+    
+    && b > a
+    && b == b
+    && b < c
+    && b < d
+
+    && c > a
+    && c > b
+    && c == c
+    && c < d
+
+    && d > a
+    && d > b
+    && d > c
+    && d == d
+--
+true
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Deriving4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Deriving4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03ea0d609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Deriving4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+data Foo = Foo Integer Long Double Float
+
+deriving instance Show Foo
+
+main = show (Foo (-1) (-1) (-1) (-1))
+--
+Foo (-1) (-1) (-1.0) (-1.0)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DifferentBranchTypes.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DifferentBranchTypes.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a0925fe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DifferentBranchTypes.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+foo n = n
+  where
+    if n > 0
+    then 1
+    else "asd"
+
+bar n = n
+  where
+    do 
+       c = n+1
+       if c > 0
+       then 1
+       else "asd"
+    
+main = foo 3 + bar 3
+--
+6
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Div.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Div.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a8e1ca24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Div.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = 7 `div` 3
+--
+2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DoubleConversion.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DoubleConversion.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31e95edb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DoubleConversion.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+f :: Float
+f = 1.0
+
+d :: Double
+d = 1.0
+
+d2f :: Float
+d2f = fromDouble d
+
+f2d :: Double
+f2d = toDouble f
+
+main = show (d+f2d, f+d2f)
+--
+(2.0, 2.0)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DoubleEffect.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DoubleEffect.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0615106f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/DoubleEffect.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+app :: (Integer ->  Integer) ->  ((Integer ->  Integer) ->  Integer)
+app f = do
+  a = f 1
+  \g -> g a
+  
+main = app (\x -> x) (\x -> x)
+--
+1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11a3303d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+importJava "java.util.regex.Pattern" where
+    data Pattern
+
+    compile :: String -> Pattern
+    matcher :: Pattern -> String ->  Matcher
+
+importJava "java.util.regex.Matcher" where
+    data Matcher
+
+    matches :: Matcher ->  Boolean
+
+doMatch pattern text = matches (matcher pattern text)
+
+main = doMatch (compile ".*xxx.*") "fffxxooxxxlll"
+--
+true
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d595ee938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+importJava "java.util.List" where
+    data List a
+
+    add :: List a -> a ->  Boolean
+
+importJava "java.util.ArrayList" where
+    @JavaName ""
+    arrayList :: Integer ->  List a
+
+singleton :: a ->  List a
+singleton el = result
+  where
+    result = arrayList 1
+    r = add result el
+
+main :: List Integer
+main = runProc (singleton (13 :: Integer))
+--
+[13]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..718482938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+effectfulId :: a ->  a
+effectfulId x = x
+
+(.) :: (b ->  c) -> (a ->  b) -> a ->  c
+(f . g) x = f (g x)
+
+doubleId = effectfulId . effectfulId
+
+main :: Integer
+main = runProc (doubleId (13 :: Integer))
+--
+13
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85138a68a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+effectfulId :: a ->  a
+effectfulId x = x
+
+//double :: (a ->  a) -> a ->  a
+double f x = f (f x)
+
+doubleId = double effectfulId
+
+main :: Integer
+main = runProc (doubleId (13 :: Integer))
+--
+13
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects5.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects5.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..595b6346b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects5.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+effectfulId :: a ->  a
+effectfulId x = x
+
+(.) :: (b ->  c) -> (a ->  b) -> a ->  c
+(f . g) x = f (g x)
+
+//doubleId :: a ->  a
+doubleId = effectfulId . effectfulId
+
+main :: Integer
+main = runProc (doubleId (13 :: Integer))
+--
+13
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects6.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects6.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e99dd4fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Effects6.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+effectfulId :: a ->  a
+effectfulId x = x
+
+(.) :: (b ->  c) -> (a ->  b) -> a ->  c
+(f . g) x = f (g x)
+
+doubleId :: a ->  a
+doubleId = effectfulId . effectfulId
+
+main :: Integer
+main = runProc (doubleId (13 :: Integer))
+--
+13
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/EmptyLet.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/EmptyLet.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68c662378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/EmptyLet.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+ex1 = let in 1
+ex2 = let {} in 2
+ex3 = let {a=3} in a 
+
+main = ex1 + ex2 + ex3
+--
+6
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Equality.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Equality.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acf00e936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Equality.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = """
+\(newEq () ())
+\(newEq True True)
+\(newEq False False)
+\(newEq True False)
+\(newEq False True)
+\(newEq (1::Integer) (1::Integer))
+\(newEq (1::Integer) (2::Integer))
+\(newEq (1::Long) (1::Long))
+\(newEq (1::Long) (2::Long))
+\(newEq (1::Double) (1::Double))
+\(newEq (1::Double) (2::Double))
+\(newEq "a" "a")
+\(newEq "a" "b")
+\(newEq (Just "a") (Just "a"))
+\(newEq (Just "a") (Just "b"))
+\(newEq Nothing Nothing)
+\(newEq (Just "a") Nothing)
+\(newEq Nothing (Just "a"))
+"""
+--
+True
+True
+True
+False
+False
+True
+False
+True
+False
+True
+False
+True
+False
+True
+False
+True
+False
+False
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Equations1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Equations1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..613d56bff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Equations1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import "Prelude"
+import "Expressions/Equations"
+
+main = v
+  where
+    v = solveEquations do
+        listenEquationVariable "a" $ \a -> setEquationVariable "c" (a-1)
+        setEquationVariable "a" 123
+        listenEquationVariable "a" $ \a -> setEquationVariable "b" (a+1)
+    print v 
+--
+[(a,123), (b,124), (c,122)]
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ExistentialData.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ExistentialData.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62130b49f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ExistentialData.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+(+) = Java.iadd
+
+data Thunk a = /* forall s. */ Thunk s (s -> a)
+
+id :: a -> a
+id x = x
+
+runThunk :: Thunk a -> a
+runThunk (Thunk s f) = f s
+
+makeThunk :: a -> Thunk a
+makeThunk x = Thunk x id
+
+mapThunk :: (a -> b) -> Thunk a -> Thunk b
+mapThunk f (Thunk s g) = Thunk s (\x -> f (g x))
+
+a = makeThunk (13 :: Integer)
+b = mapThunk (\x -> x+1) a
+main = runThunk b
+--
+14
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ExistentialData2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ExistentialData2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0299691e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ExistentialData2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+data Thunk a = /* forall s. */ Thunk s (s -> a)
+
+mixThunks (Thunk s0 f0) (Thunk s1 f1) = f0 s1
+
+main = "Not to be executed!"
+--
+3:44-3:46: Expected  got .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ExpressionParsing.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ExpressionParsing.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6719bf935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ExpressionParsing.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+data Exp = Exp String
+
+expToString :: Exp -> String
+expToString (Exp s) = s
+
+instance Additive Exp where
+    zero = Exp "0"
+    Exp a + Exp b = Exp ("(" + a + " + " + b + ")")
+
+instance Ring Exp where
+    one = Exp "1"
+    neg (Exp a) = Exp ("(-" + a + ")")
+    Exp a * Exp b = Exp ("(" + a + " * " + b + ")")
+    Exp a - Exp b = Exp ("(" + a + " - " + b + ")")
+    fromInteger x = Exp (show x)
+    
+a = Exp "a"
+b = Exp "b"
+c = Exp "c"
+d = Exp "d"
+e = Exp "e"
+
+main = expToString (a + b*c + d*e)
+--
+((a + (b * c)) + (d * e)) 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FaultyRecursion.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FaultyRecursion.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..523b40877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FaultyRecursion.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+fib n = fib
+--
+1:9-1:12: Expected  got   a>.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Fibonacci.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Fibonacci.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7b56f50c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Fibonacci.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+(+) = Java.iadd
+(-) = Java.isub
+(<=) = Java.icmple
+
+fibonacci x = if x <= (1 :: Integer) 
+              then 1 :: Integer 
+              else fibonacci (x - 1) 
+                 + fibonacci (x - 2)
+
+main = fibonacci 10
+--
+89
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Fibonacci2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Fibonacci2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..229145fbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Fibonacci2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+fibonacci :: Integer -> Integer
+fibonacci x = if x <= 1 
+              then 1 
+              else fibonacci (x - 1) 
+                 + fibonacci (x - 2)
+
+main = fibonacci 10
+--
+89
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Fibonacci3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Fibonacci3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5ce91c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Fibonacci3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+ 
+class Num a where
+    (+) :: a -> a -> a
+    (-) :: a -> a -> a
+
+instance Num Integer where
+    (+) = Java.iadd
+    (-) = Java.isub
+
+(<=) = Java.icmple
+
+fibonacci x = if x <= (1 :: Integer) 
+              then 1 :: Integer
+              else fibonacci (x - (1 :: Integer)) 
+                 + fibonacci (x - (2 :: Integer))
+
+main = fibonacci 10
+--
+89
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FingerTree.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FingerTree.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b81f642f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FingerTree.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+main = foldl Java.iadd (0 :: Integer) (concat (concat (Single (1 :: Integer)) 
+      (Single (2 :: Integer))) (Single (3 :: Integer))) 
+
+data Digit a = Digit1 a
+             | Digit2 a a
+             | Digit3 a a a
+             | Digit4 a a a a
+data Node a = Node2 a a | Node3 a a a
+data FingerTree a = Empty | Single a | Deep (Digit a) (FingerTree (Node a)) (Digit a)
+
+insertL :: a -> FingerTree a -> FingerTree a
+insertL a Empty      = Single a
+insertL a (Single b) = Deep (Digit1 a) Empty (Digit1 b)
+insertL a (Deep (Digit1 b) m r) = Deep (Digit2 a b) m r
+insertL a (Deep (Digit2 b c) m r) = Deep (Digit3 a b c) m r
+insertL a (Deep (Digit3 b c d) m r) = Deep (Digit4 a b c d) m r
+insertL a (Deep (Digit4 b c d e) m r) = Deep (Digit2 a b) (insertL (Node3 c d e) m) r
+
+insertR :: FingerTree a -> a -> FingerTree a
+insertR Empty a      = Single a
+insertR (Single a) b = Deep (Digit1 a) Empty (Digit1 b)
+insertR (Deep l m (Digit1 a)) b = Deep l m (Digit2 a b)
+insertR (Deep l m (Digit2 a b)) c = Deep l m (Digit3 a b c)
+insertR (Deep l m (Digit3 a b c)) d = Deep l m (Digit4 a b c d)
+insertR (Deep l m (Digit4 a b c d)) e = Deep l (insertR m (Node3 a b c)) (Digit2 d e)
+
+foldl :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> FingerTree b -> a
+foldl f init Empty = init
+foldl f init (Single x) = f init x
+foldl f init (Deep l m r) = foldlD (foldl foldlN (foldlD init l) m) r
+  where
+    foldlD init (Digit1 a) = f init a
+    foldlD init (Digit2 a b) = f (f init a) b
+    foldlD init (Digit3 a b c) = f (f (f init a) b) c
+    foldlD init (Digit4 a b c d) = f (f (f (f init a) b) c) d
+    
+    foldlN init (Node2 a b) = f (f init a) b
+    foldlN init (Node3 a b c) = f (f (f init a) b) c
+
+data View a = Nil | Cons a (FingerTree a)
+
+viewL :: FingerTree a -> View a
+viewL Empty = Nil
+viewL (Single a) = Cons a Empty
+viewL (Deep (Digit1 a) m r) = Cons a tail
+  where
+    tail = match viewL m with
+        Nil -> digitToFingerTree r
+        Cons h t -> Deep (nodeToDigit h) t r
+viewL (Deep (Digit2 a b) m r) = Cons a (Deep (Digit1 a) m r)
+viewL (Deep (Digit3 a b c) m r) = Cons a (Deep (Digit2 a b) m r)
+viewL (Deep (Digit4 a b c d) m r) = Cons a (Deep (Digit3 a b c) m r)
+
+concat :: FingerTree a -> FingerTree a -> FingerTree a
+concat Empty a = a
+concat a Empty = a
+concat (Single a) b = insertL a b
+concat a (Single b) = insertR a b
+concat (Deep l1 m1 r1) (Deep l2 m2 r2) = Deep l1 mm r2
+  where
+    mm = concatAux m1 (digitsToNodes r1 l2) m2
+    
+// --- Implementation details -------------------------------------------------
+
+digitToFingerTree :: Digit a -> FingerTree a
+digitToFingerTree (Digit1 a)       = Single a
+digitToFingerTree (Digit2 a b)     = Deep (Digit1 a)   Empty (Digit1 b)
+digitToFingerTree (Digit3 a b c)   = Deep (Digit2 a b) Empty (Digit1 c)
+digitToFingerTree (Digit4 a b c d) = Deep (Digit2 a b) Empty (Digit2 c d)
+
+nodeToDigit :: Node a -> Digit a
+nodeToDigit (Node2 a b)   = Digit2 a b
+nodeToDigit (Node3 a b c) = Digit3 a b c
+    
+concatAux :: FingerTree a -> Digit a -> FingerTree a -> FingerTree a
+concatAux Empty ds a = insertLD ds a
+concatAux a ds Empty = insertRD a ds
+concatAux (Single a) ds b = insertL a (insertLD ds b)
+concatAux a ds (Single b) = insertR (insertRD a ds) b
+concatAux (Deep l1 m1 r1) ds (Deep l2 m2 r2) = Deep l1 mm r2
+  where
+    mm = concatAux m1 (digitsToNodes3 r1 ds r2) m2
+
+insertLD :: Digit a -> FingerTree a -> FingerTree a
+insertLD (Digit1 a) t = insertL a t
+insertLD (Digit2 a b) t = insertL a (insertL b t)
+insertLD (Digit3 a b c) t = insertL a (insertL b (insertL c t))
+insertLD (Digit4 a b c d) t = insertL a (insertL b (insertL c (insertL d t)))
+
+insertRD :: FingerTree a -> Digit a -> FingerTree a
+insertRD t (Digit1 a) = insertR t a
+insertRD t (Digit2 a b) = insertR (insertR t a) b
+insertRD t (Digit3 a b c) = insertR (insertR (insertR t a) b) c
+insertRD t (Digit4 a b c d) = insertR (insertR (insertR (insertR t a) b) c) d
+    
+digitsToNodes :: Digit a -> Digit a -> Digit (Node a)
+digitsToNodes (Digit1 a) x = dd1 a x
+digitsToNodes (Digit2 a b) x = dd2 a b x 
+digitsToNodes (Digit3 a b c) x = dd3 a b c x
+digitsToNodes (Digit4 a b c d) x = dd4 a b c d x 
+
+digitsToNodes3 :: Digit a -> Digit a -> Digit a -> Digit (Node a)
+digitsToNodes3 (Digit1 a) x y = ddd1 a x y
+digitsToNodes3 (Digit2 a b) x y = ddd2 a b x y
+digitsToNodes3 (Digit3 a b c) x y = ddd3 a b c x y
+digitsToNodes3 (Digit4 a b c d) x y = ddd4 a b c d x y   
+    
+d2 a b = Digit1 (Node2 a b)
+d3 a b c = Digit1 (Node3 a b c)
+d4 a b c d = Digit2 (Node2 a b) (Node2 c d)
+d5 a b c d e = Digit2 (Node3 a b c) (Node2 d e)
+d6 a b c d e f = Digit2 (Node3 a b c) (Node3 d e f)
+d7 a b c d e f g = Digit3 (Node3 a b c) (Node2 d e) (Node2 f g)
+d8 a b c d e f g h = Digit3 (Node3 a b c) (Node3 d e f) (Node2 g h)
+d9 a b c d e f g h i = Digit3 (Node3 a b c) (Node3 d e f) (Node3 g h i)
+d10 a b c d e f g h i j = Digit4 (Node3 a b c) (Node3 d e f) (Node2 g h) (Node2 i j)
+d11 a b c d e f g h i j k = Digit4 (Node3 a b c) (Node3 d e f) (Node3 g h i) (Node2 j k)
+d12 a b c d e f g h i j k l = Digit4 (Node3 a b c) (Node3 d e f) (Node3 g h i) (Node3 j k l)
+
+dd1 a (Digit1 b) = d2 a b
+dd1 a (Digit2 b c) = d3 a b c
+dd1 a (Digit3 b c d) = d4 a b c d
+dd1 a (Digit4 b c d e) = d5 a b c d e
+dd2 a b (Digit1 c) = d3 a b c
+dd2 a b (Digit2 c d) = d4 a b c d
+dd2 a b (Digit3 c d e) = d5 a b c d e
+dd2 a b (Digit4 c d e f) = d6 a b c d e f
+dd3 a b c (Digit1 d) = d4 a b c d
+dd3 a b c (Digit2 d e) = d5 a b c d e
+dd3 a b c (Digit3 d e f) = d6 a b c d e f
+dd3 a b c (Digit4 d e f g) = d7 a b c d e f g
+dd4 a b c d (Digit1 e) = d5 a b c d e
+dd4 a b c d (Digit2 e f) = d6 a b c d e f
+dd4 a b c d (Digit3 e f g) = d7 a b c d e f g
+dd4 a b c d (Digit4 e f g h) = d8 a b c d e f g h
+dd5 a b c d e (Digit1 f) = d6 a b c d e f
+dd5 a b c d e (Digit2 f g) = d7 a b c d e f g
+dd5 a b c d e (Digit3 f g h) = d8 a b c d e f g h
+dd5 a b c d e (Digit4 f g h i) = d9 a b c d e f g h i
+dd6 a b c d e f (Digit1 g) = d7 a b c d e f g
+dd6 a b c d e f (Digit2 g h) = d8 a b c d e f g h
+dd6 a b c d e f (Digit3 g h i) = d9 a b c d e f g h i
+dd6 a b c d e f (Digit4 g h i j) = d10 a b c d e f g h i j
+dd7 a b c d e f g (Digit1 h) = d8 a b c d e f g h
+dd7 a b c d e f g (Digit2 h i) = d9 a b c d e f g h i
+dd7 a b c d e f g (Digit3 h i j) = d10 a b c d e f g h i j
+dd7 a b c d e f g (Digit4 h i j k) = d11 a b c d e f g h i j k
+dd8 a b c d e f g h (Digit1 i) = d9 a b c d e f g h i
+dd8 a b c d e f g h (Digit2 i j) = d10 a b c d e f g h i j
+dd8 a b c d e f g h (Digit3 i j k) = d11 a b c d e f g h i j k
+dd8 a b c d e f g h (Digit4 i j k l) = d12 a b c d e f g h i j k l
+
+ddd1 a (Digit1 b) y = dd2 a b y
+ddd1 a (Digit2 b c) y = dd3 a b c y
+ddd1 a (Digit3 b c d) y = dd4 a b c d y
+ddd1 a (Digit4 b c d e) y = dd5 a b c d e y
+ddd2 a b (Digit1 c) y = dd3 a b c y
+ddd2 a b (Digit2 c d) y = dd4 a b c d y
+ddd2 a b (Digit3 c d e) y = dd5 a b c d e y
+ddd2 a b (Digit4 c d e f) y = dd6 a b c d e f y
+ddd3 a b c (Digit1 d) y = dd4 a b c d y
+ddd3 a b c (Digit2 d e) y = dd5 a b c d e y
+ddd3 a b c (Digit3 d e f) y = dd6 a b c d e f y
+ddd3 a b c (Digit4 d e f g) y = dd7 a b c d e f g y
+ddd4 a b c d (Digit1 e) y = dd5 a b c d e y
+ddd4 a b c d (Digit2 e f) y = dd6 a b c d e f y
+ddd4 a b c d (Digit3 e f g) y = dd7 a b c d e f g y
+ddd4 a b c d (Digit4 e f g h) y = dd8 a b c d e f g h y
+
+--
+6
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FoldMissingInitialValue.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FoldMissingInitialValue.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..affa2e66f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FoldMissingInitialValue.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+f p l = (foldl (+) (map ((+)p) l)) + p
+--
+3:1-3:39: Couldn't simplify all effect subsumptions away. The current compiler cannot handle this situation. Try adding more type annotations.
+3:25-3:31: Type [a b] ->  a b is not a subtype of a.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FoldlBuild1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FoldlBuild1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..21dfdea64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FoldlBuild1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+inc :: Ref Integer ->  Integer
+inc r = do 
+    v = getRef r
+    newV = v+1
+    r := newV
+    newV
+
+main = do
+    r = ref 0
+    // Because both map and for get side-effectful functions
+    // as parameters, the fusion is not allowed.
+    l = map (\_ -> inc r) [1..4]    
+    for l (\i -> r := i+1)
+    getRef r
+--
+5
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FoldlBuild2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FoldlBuild2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2078fb7c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FoldlBuild2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+inc :: Ref Integer ->  Integer
+inc r = do 
+    v = getRef r
+    newV = v+1
+    r := newV
+    newV
+
+main = do
+    r = ref 0
+    l = map (\_ -> inc r) [1..4]
+    r := 4 // Map must be executed before this statement
+    foldl (+) 0 l
+--
+10
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Forall1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Forall1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32e51a716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Forall1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+     
+id :: forall a. a -> a
+   // ^ not usually needed, but we test just that this is possible
+id x = x
+
+main = id (3 :: Integer)
+--
+3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Forall2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Forall2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97d1c3510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Forall2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+build :: (forall l. l -> (a -> l -> l) -> l) -> List a
+build f = f Nil Cons
+
+main = build (\nil cons -> cons (1 :: Integer) (cons (2 :: Integer) nil))
+-- 
+(Cons 1 (Cons 2 Nil))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Forall3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Forall3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..018a2a0be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Forall3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+build :: (forall l. l -> (a -> l -> l) -> l) -> List a
+build f = f Nil Cons
+
+main = build (\nil cons -> cons (1 :: Integer) (Cons (2 :: Integer) nil))
+                                             // ^^^^
+-- 
+7:48-7:73: Expected  got .
+7:69-7:72: Expected  got .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Formula.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Formula.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10eafb061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Formula.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+data Formula a = TrueF
+               | FalseF
+               | XorF (Formula a) (Formula a)
+               | AndF (Formula a) (Formula a)
+               | ConditionF a
+               | NextF (Formula a)
+               | UntilF (Formula a) (Formula a)
+
+deriving instance (Ord a) => Ord (Formula a)
+
+instance (Show a) => Show (Formula a) where
+    sb <+ TrueF = sb << "true"
+    sb <+ FalseF = sb << "false"
+    sb <+ XorF a b = sb << "(" <+ a << " `XorF` " <+ b << ")"
+    sb <+ AndF a b = sb  << "(" <+ a << " &&& " <+ b << ")"
+    sb <+ ConditionF c = sb  <+ c
+    sb <+ NextF a = sb  << "(next " <+ a << ")"
+    sb <+ UntilF a b = sb << "(" <+ a << " `UntilF` " <+ b << ")"
+
+xorF FalseF f2 = f2
+xorF f1 FalseF = f1             
+xorF f1@(XorF h1 t1) f2@(XorF h2 t2) = 
+    let cmp = compare h1 h2 
+    in  if cmp < 0
+        then XorF h1 (xorF t1 f2)
+        else if cmp > 0
+        then XorF h2 (xorF f1 t2)
+        else xorF t1 t2
+xorF f1@(XorF h1 t1) f2 = 
+    let cmp = compare h1 f2
+    in  if cmp < 0
+        then XorF h1 (xorF t1 f2)
+        else if cmp > 0
+        then XorF f2 f1
+        else t1
+xorF f1 f2@(XorF h2 t2) =
+    let cmp = compare f1 h2
+    in  if cmp < 0
+        then XorF f1 f2
+        else if cmp > 0
+        then XorF h2 (xorF f1 t2)
+        else t2
+xorF f1 f2 =
+    let cmp = compare f1 f2
+    in  if cmp < 0
+        then XorF f1 f2
+        else if cmp > 0
+        then XorF f2 f1
+        else TrueF
+        
+notF f = xorF TrueF f
+
+TrueF &&& f2 = f2
+f1 &&& TrueF = f1
+FalseF &&& _ = FalseF
+_ &&& FalseF = FalseF
+XorF h1 t1 &&& f2 = xorF (h1 &&& f2) (t1 &&& f2)
+f1 &&& XorF h2 t2 = xorF (f1 &&& h2) (f1 &&& t2)
+f1@(AndF h1 t1) &&& f2@(AndF h2 t2) = 
+    let cmp = compare h1 h2 
+    in  if cmp < 0
+        then AndF h1 (t1 &&& f2)
+        else if cmp > 0
+        then AndF h2 (f1 &&& t2)
+        else AndF h1 (t1 &&& t2)
+f1@(AndF h1 t1) &&& f2 = 
+    let cmp = compare h1 f2
+    in  if cmp < 0
+        then AndF h1 (t1 &&& f2)
+        else if cmp > 0
+        then AndF f2 f1
+        else f1
+f1 &&& f2@(AndF h2 t2) =
+    let cmp = compare f1 h2
+    in  if cmp < 0
+        then AndF f1 f2
+        else if cmp > 0
+        then AndF h2 (f1 &&& t2)
+        else f2
+f1 &&& f2 =
+    let cmp = compare f1 f2
+    in  if cmp < 0
+        then AndF f1 f2
+        else if cmp > 0
+        then AndF f2 f1
+        else f1
+
+f1 ||| f2 = xorF (xorF f1 f2) (f1 &&& f2)
+        
+eval :: Ord a => (a ->  Boolean) -> Formula a ->  Formula a
+eval s TrueF = TrueF
+eval s FalseF = FalseF
+eval s (XorF f1 f2) = xorF (eval s f1) (eval s f2)
+eval s (AndF f1 f2) = eval s f1 &&& eval s f2
+eval s (ConditionF c) = if s c then TrueF else FalseF
+eval s (NextF f) = f
+eval s (UntilF f1 f2) = eval s f2 ||| (eval s f1 &&& UntilF f1 f2)
+
+// Concrete conditions
+
+data V = V String (Ref Boolean)
+
+instance Ord V where
+    compare (V a _) (V b _) = compare a b
+instance Show V where
+    sb <+ V a _ = sb <+ a 
+
+cond :: String -> Ref Boolean -> Formula V
+cond name ref = ConditionF (V name ref) 
+
+// Testing
+
+x = ref True
+y = ref False
+
+f = cond "x" x `UntilF` cond "y" y
+
+evalV = eval (\(V _ c) -> getRef c) 
+
+main = do
+    print (evalV f)
+    x := False
+    print (evalV f)
+    y = ref True
+    print (evalV f)
+    x := True
+    print (evalV f)
+--
+()
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ac2e7704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = (fromDynamic (toDynamic 42) :: String) + "foo"
+--
+42foo
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b6c1d99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = (fromDynamic (toDynamic "42") :: Integer) - 2
+--
+40
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3318d4de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = arrayToList (fromDynamic (toDynamic ["42"]) :: (Array Integer))
+--
+[42]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb4c32088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import "Prelude"
+import "Vector"
+
+main = (fromDynamic (toDynamic ["42"]) :: (Vector Double))!0
+--
+42.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic5.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic5.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0d0fd3a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FromDynamic5.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import "Prelude"
+import "Vector"
+
+main = (fromDynamic (toDynamic (mvector [42.0]))) :: [Integer]
+--
+[42]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctionFunctor.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctionFunctor.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f63481032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctionFunctor.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+//               vvvvvv  mistake, parantheses missing
+instance Functor (->) a where
+    map f g x = f (g x)
+    
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+4:1-5:24: Wrong number of parameters to type class Functor.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctionalDependencies1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctionalDependencies1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..203de1dba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctionalDependencies1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+class Container c a b | c -> a, c -> b where
+    get :: c -> a -> b
+
+instance Container [a] Integer a where
+    get = (!)
+
+main = get [1,2,3,4,5] 3
+--
+4
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctionalDependencies2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctionalDependencies2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..707bb9e2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctionalDependencies2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+class Mul a b c | a b -> c where
+    mul :: a -> b -> c
+
+instance Mul Integer Integer Integer where
+    mul = (*)
+
+main :: Integer
+main = mul (mul (1 :: Integer) (2 :: Integer)) (3 :: Integer)
+--
+6
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Functor.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Functor.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6bbd35979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Functor.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+class Functor f where
+    map :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
+    
+data Foo a = Foo a
+
+instance Functor Foo where
+    map f (Foo x) = Foo (f x)
+    
+instance Functor Maybe where
+    map f Nothing = Nothing
+    map f (Just x) = Just (f x)
+    
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+instance Functor List where
+    map f Nil = Nil
+    map f (Cons h t) = Cons (f h) (map f t)
+    
+main = map (map (Java.iadd 1)) (Cons Nothing (Cons (Just (1 :: Integer)) Nil))
+--
+(Cons null (Cons 2 Nil))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctorM1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctorM1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e1874e31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/FunctorM1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = sequence [[1,2], [3,4], [5,6]]
+/*
+  x <- [1,2]
+  y <- [3,4]
+  z <- [5,6]
+  return [x,y,z]
+*/  
+--
+[[1, 3, 5], [1, 3, 6], [1, 4, 5], [1, 4, 6], [2, 3, 5], [2, 3, 6], [2, 4, 5], [2, 4, 6]]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Generalization.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Generalization.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5503349f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Generalization.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+(+) = Java.iadd
+
+data Foo = Foo Integer
+
+escapeFoo (Foo x) = x
+
+id x = x
+
+main = id (3 :: Integer) + escapeFoo (id (Foo (4 :: Integer)))
+--
+7
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GenericMutualRecursion.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GenericMutualRecursion.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24c5858d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GenericMutualRecursion.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Idea of this test is to ensure that generic type variables
+// and constraints are handled correctly with mutually recursive
+// functions
+
+import "Prelude"
+
+deepId count x = deepId2 count x
+deepId2 count x = if count <= 0 then x else deepId (count-1) x
+
+main = deepId 5 "FOO"
+--
+FOO
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GlobalVariables.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GlobalVariables.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6dc99edf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GlobalVariables.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+global :: Ref Integer
+global = ref 0
+
+inc ::  ()
+inc = global := getRef global + 1
+
+main = do
+    inc
+    inc
+    getRef global
+--
+2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GraphPrelude.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GraphPrelude.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ddb2d58be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GraphPrelude.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+/**
+ * Databoard
+ */
+data Binding // Private
+class Serializable a where
+    getBinding :: Binding
+
+/**
+ * Reading graph
+ */
+data Resource
+data ReadGraph // Private
+class ReadTransaction where
+    getGraph :: ReadGraph
+
+resource :: ReadTransaction => String -> Resource
+(#) :: ReadTransaction => Resource -> Resource -> [Resource]
+valueOf :: ReadTransaction => Serializable a => Resource -> a
+
+/**
+ * Writing graph
+ */
+data WriteGraph // Private
+data Graph a = Graph (WriteGraph -> a)
+
+instance Monad Graph where
+    return x = Graph (\_ -> x)
+    Graph g >>= f = \wg -> f (g wg) wg
+    map f (Graph g) = Graph (f . g)
+
+newResource :: Graph Resource
+newResource = Graph __WriteGraph_newResource
+newLiteral :: Serializable a => a -> Graph Resource
+newLiteral = Graph (\wg -> 
+    literal = __WriteGraph_newResource wg
+    _ = __WriteGraph_claimValue wg literal a getBinding
+    literal 
+)
+statement :: Resource -> Resource -> Resource -> Graph ()
+statement s p o = Graph (\wg -> __WriteGraph_claim wg s p o)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GuardedExpressionBug.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GuardedExpressionBug.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0d45f161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/GuardedExpressionBug.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+tableIndex :: Double -> Double
+tableIndex x
+    | True = x
+  where
+    f _ = x
+
+main = "Foo"
+--
+Foo
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Guards1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Guards1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db3b43833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Guards1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+fib :: Integer -> Integer
+fib x | x <= 2 = 1
+      | True   = fib (x-1) + fib (x-2)
+
+main = fib 13
+--
+233
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Guards2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Guards2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88734c1ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Guards2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+fib :: Integer -> Integer
+fib x = match x with
+  v | v <= 2 -> 1
+    | True   -> fib (v-1) + fib (v-2)
+
+main = fib 13
+--
+233
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/IdAsOperator.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/IdAsOperator.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..576ff86f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/IdAsOperator.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+infixl 5 minus
+
+minus = Java.isub
+
+main = 5 `minus` 3 `minus` 2
+--
+0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/IllegalChar.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/IllegalChar.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..371492bb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/IllegalChar.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+a = ¤
+--
+1:5-1:6: Illegal character '¤'.
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ImportJavaConstructor.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ImportJavaConstructor.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c45e438b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ImportJavaConstructor.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+@JavaType "org.simantics.scl.compiler.elaboration.expressions.Expression"
+data Expression = 
+    @JavaType "org/simantics/scl/compiler/elaboration/expressions/EIntegerLiteral"
+    @FieldNames [value]
+    EIntegerLiteral String
+  | @JavaType "org.simantics.scl.compiler.elaboration.expressions.ERealLiteral"
+    @FieldNames [value]
+    ERealLiteral String
+
+changeType :: Expression -> Expression
+changeType (EIntegerLiteral value) = ERealLiteral value
+changeType (ERealLiteral value) = EIntegerLiteral value
+
+main :: Expression
+main = changeType (EIntegerLiteral "123") 
+--
+123
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ImportRef.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ImportRef.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fb6f62d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ImportRef.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+importJava "org.simantics.scl.runtime.procedure.Ref" where
+    data Ref a
+    
+    @JavaName ""
+    ref :: a ->  (Ref a)
+    
+    @JavaName "value"
+    getRef :: Ref a ->  a
+    
+    @JavaName "value"
+    (:=) :: Ref a -> a ->  ()
+
+main = do
+    r = ref (13 :: Integer)
+    r := (14 :: Integer)
+    getRef r
+--
+14
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InconsistentArity.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InconsistentArity.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82a966892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InconsistentArity.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+f a b = a
+f x = x
+--
+2:1-2:4: Inconsistent arity. This case has arity 1 while previous cases had arity 2.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InconsistentIndentation.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InconsistentIndentation.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd732cf21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InconsistentIndentation.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class Foo a where
+    x :: a
+  y :: a
+--
+3:3-3:4: Unexpected token 'y' (ID). Expected one of EOF, RBRACE, SEMICOLON.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/IndentationAndParenthesis.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/IndentationAndParenthesis.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a8dc3de7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/IndentationAndParenthesis.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// The last character of the program is an extra closing parenthesis
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+first Nil = 0
+first (Cons x _) = x
+
+reverse l = reverseAux Nil l 
+  where
+    reverseAux accum Nil = accum
+    reverseAux accum (Cons h t) = reverseAux (Cons h accum) t    
+
+main = first (reverse l) 
+  where
+    l = Cons 1 (Cons 2 (Cons 3 Nil)))
+--
+14:37-14:38: No corresponding opening parenthesis for ')'.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Index.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Index.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a98aec03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Index.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+f :: Integer -> Maybe Integer
+f = index [(1,2),(2,4),(3,6),(4,8)]
+
+main = f 3
+--
+6
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Inline1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Inline1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..118abc4c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Inline1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+main = id "Foo" 
+  where
+    id x = x
+--
+Foo
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InlineLoop.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InlineLoop.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df8433c5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InlineLoop.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+data SList a = Nil | Cons a (SList a)
+
+@inline
+copy (Cons h t) = Cons h (copy t)
+copy l = l
+
+main = "OK"
+--
+OK
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InstanceHierarchy.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InstanceHierarchy.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c751f397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InstanceHierarchy.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import "Prelude" hiding (zero, one)
+
+class MyAdditive a where
+    zero :: a
+    
+class (MyAdditive a) => MyRing a where
+    one :: a
+
+instance MyAdditive Integer where
+    zero = 0
+
+instance MyRing Integer where
+    one = 1
+    
+data Poly a = Poly [a]
+
+instance (MyAdditive a) => MyAdditive (Poly a) where
+    zero = Poly []
+
+instance (MyRing a) => MyRing (Poly a) where
+    one = Poly [one]
+    
+main :: Poly Integer
+main = one
+--
+[1]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InstanceIsTypoedAsClass.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InstanceIsTypoedAsClass.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3973cccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InstanceIsTypoedAsClass.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+class Functor f where
+    map :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
+    
+data Foo a = Foo a
+
+class Functor Foo where
+    map f (Foo x) = Foo (f x)
+--
+6:1-7:30: Class Functor has already been defined in this module.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InstanceTypeVariables.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InstanceTypeVariables.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4ee646a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InstanceTypeVariables.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class Foo a b where
+    foo :: a -> b
+
+instance Foo a a where
+    foo x = x :: a
+
+main = "OK"
+--
+OK
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidClass1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidClass1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..796f92c29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidClass1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+class Foo a where
+    infix 3 (+)
+--
+2:5-2:16: Invalid declaration under class definition.    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidEncoding.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidEncoding.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..513b36f58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidEncoding.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+main = "Hello w�rld!"
+--
+1:16-1:17: Character does not conform to UTF-8 encoding.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidInstance1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidInstance1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35064c645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidInstance1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+class Foo a where
+    (+) :: a -> a -> a
+
+instance Foo Double where
+    infix 3 (+)
+    x + y = x
+--
+5:5-5:16: Invalid declaration under instance definition.    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidJavaTypeAnnotation.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidJavaTypeAnnotation.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f7270cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidJavaTypeAnnotation.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+@JavaType 123 "sdf"
+data Foo
+
+main = "Not to be executed"
+--
+1:1-1:20: Invalid parameters. Expected @JavaType "className".
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidKinds.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidKinds.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a18c062ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidKinds.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+foo :: List
+foo = foo
+--
+4:8-4:12: Expected a type with kind * but got * -> *.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidKinds2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidKinds2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffdf0a9f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidKinds2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+class Functor f where
+    map :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
+    
+instance Functor Integer where
+    map = fail "Not implemented."
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+4:18-4:25: Expected a type with kind * -> * but got *.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidKinds3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidKinds3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..445dd7ead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidKinds3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a List
+
+--
+2:28-2:32: Expected a type with kind * but got ?a -> *.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidLambda.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidLambda.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8897d43dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidLambda.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+main = \ /* no parameters */ -> 3
+--
+2:30-2:32: Unexpected token '->' (ARROW). Expected one of ATTACHED_HASH, BEGIN_STRING, BLANK, CHAR, DO, ENFORCE, EQ, ESCAPED_SYMBOL, FLOAT, ID, IF, INTEGER, LAMBDA, LBRACKET, LET, LPAREN, MATCH, MDO, SELECT, SELECT_DISTINCT, SELECT_FIRST, TRANSFORMATION, WHEN.
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidModule.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidModule.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7cf5f959f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidModule.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import "INVALID_MODULE" as Foo
+--
+1:1-1:31: Failed to import INVALID_MODULE, because it does not exist.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ba56cffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+id x = x
+
+f (\x -> x) y = y
+
+main = f id "Foo"
+--
+3:3-3:12: Pattern was expected here.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bf9613e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+if x then y else z = x
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+1:1-1:19: Illegal left hand side of the definition.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..460a9bdfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+foo x = b
+  where
+    if a then b else c = x
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+1:9-1:10: Couldn't resolve variable b.
+3:5-3:23: Pattern was expected here.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11dfd0702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidPattern4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+a # b # c = a + b + c
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+3:1-3:10: Illegal left hand side of the definition.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidRuleset1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidRuleset1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e53520b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidRuleset1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+data Fact = Foo | Bar
+
+rs = ruleset
+  Foo => Bar
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+4:10-4:13: Expected
+    <[Fact]> got
+    .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidRuleset2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidRuleset2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..675ee4985
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidRuleset2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+data Fact = Foo1 | Foo2
+data Fact2 = Bar
+
+rs = ruleset
+  Foo1, Foo2 <=> [Bar]
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+5:19-5:22: Expected
+     got
+    .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidTypeClassInstance1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidTypeClassInstance1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8860c3b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/InvalidTypeClassInstance1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+class Foo a where
+    foo :: a -> Integer
+    
+instance Foo Long where
+    foo x = x
+        
+--
+6:13-6:14: Expected  got .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaAccess1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaAccess1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0576f4385
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaAccess1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+importJava "java.lang.String" where
+    substring :: String -> Integer -> Integer -> String
+
+main = substring "01234" 1 4
+--
+123
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaConstructors.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaConstructors.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3ee020f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaConstructors.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+@JavaType "org.simantics.scl.runtime.tuple.Tuple3"
+data Tuple3 a b c =
+    @FieldNames [c0, c1, c2] 
+    Tuple3 a b c
+    
+toTuple (Tuple3 x y z) = (x, y, z)
+
+main = toTuple (Tuple3 "x" "y" "z")
+--
+(x,y,z)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaMethods.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaMethods.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d51bd4bb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaMethods.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+importJava "java.lang.Integer" where
+    @JavaName "parseInt"
+    stringToInteger :: String -> Integer
+
+main = stringToInteger "13"
+--
+13
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaTypes.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaTypes.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..830c5a426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/JavaTypes.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+importJava "java.math.BigInteger" where
+    data BigInteger
+    
+    @JavaName "add"
+    (+) :: BigInteger -> BigInteger -> BigInteger
+
+    @JavaName ""
+    fromString :: String -> BigInteger
+
+main = fromString "123" + fromString "234"
+--
+357
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Kinds1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Kinds1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f2f0d1d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Kinds1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+class Functor f where
+    map :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
+
+data Either a b = Left a | Right b
+
+instance Functor (Either a) where
+    map _ (Left x)  = Left x
+    map f (Right y) = Right (f y)
+
+id :: Integer -> Integer
+id x = x
+
+main = map id (Left (12 :: Integer))
+--
+(Left 12)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LP.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LP.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c3ddc121
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LP.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+importJava "gnu.trove.map.hash.TIntFloatHashMap" where
+    data LMap
+    
+    @JavaName adjustOrPutValue
+    adjustLMap_ :: LMap -> Integer -> Float -> Float ->  ()
+    
+@inline
+adjustLMap :: LMap -> Integer -> Float ->  ()
+adjustLMap m k v = adjustLMap_ m k v v
+
+data LPTerm = LPTerm (LMap -> Float ->  ())
+
+instance Additive LPTerm where
+    @inline
+    zero = LPTerm (\_ _ -> ())
+    @inline
+    LPTerm a + LPTerm b = LPTerm (\m s -> do a m s ; b m s)
+    sum ts = LPTerm (\m s -> for ts (\(LPTerm t) -> t m s))
+
+instance Ring LPTerm where
+    @inline
+    neg (LPTerm a) = LPTerm (\m s -> a m (-s))
+    @inline
+    LPTerm a - LPTerm b = LPTerm (\m s -> do a m s ; b m (-s))
+    @inline
+    fromInteger c = LPTerm (\m s -> adjustLMap m (-1) (fromInteger c*s))
+    @inline
+    one = LPTerm (\m s -> adjustLMap m (-1) s)
+    _ * _ = fail "Multiplication is not supported."
+
+data LPProblem = LPProblem (Ref Integer)
+
+newProblem :: () ->  LPProblem
+newProblem _ = LPProblem (ref 0)
+
+newVar :: LPProblem ->  LPTerm
+newVar (LPProblem varCounter) = do
+    curId = getRef varCounter
+    varCounter := curId + 1
+    LPTerm (\m s -> adjustLMap m curId s)
+
+infixl 7 (**)
+
+@inline
+(**) :: Float -> LPTerm -> LPTerm
+s0 ** LPTerm t = LPTerm (\m s -> t m (s0*s))
+
+/*
+data LPTerm = LPTerm Double (Map.T String Double)
+
+instance Additive LPTerm where
+    zero = LPTerm 0 Map.empty
+    LPTerm c1 m1 + LPTerm c2 m2 = LPTerm (c1+c2) (Map.merge (+) m1 m2)
+
+instance Ring LPTerm where
+    one = LPTerm 1 Map.empty
+    neg (LPTerm c m) = LPTerm (-c) (map neg m)
+    LPTerm c1 m1 - LPTerm c2 m2 = LPTerm (c1-c2) (Map.merge (-) m1 m2)
+    
+    LPTerm c1 [] * LPTerm c2 m2 = LPTerm (c1*c2) (Map.merge (\x -> c1*x) m2)
+    LPTerm c1 m1 * LPTerm c2 [] = LPTerm (c1*c2) (Map.merge (\x -> c2*x) m1)
+    _ * _ = fail "Invalid expression: not linear."
+    
+    fromInteger i = LPTerm (fromInteger i) Map.empty
+
+data LPConstraint = LPConstraint String LPTerm
+
+(>==) :: LPTerm -> LPTerm -> String -> [LPConstraint]
+(a >== b) name = [LPConstraint name (a-b)] 
+
+(<==) :: LPTerm -> LPTerm -> String -> [LPConstraint]
+(a <== b) name = [LPConstraint name (b-a)]
+
+*/
+
+testi () = do
+    problem = newProblem ()
+    a = newVar problem
+    b = newVar problem
+    3 ** a + 4 ** b + 15
+
+main = "OK"
+--
+OK
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Lambda.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Lambda.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2316b30b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Lambda.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+map :: (a -> b) -> List a -> List b
+map f Nil        = Nil
+map f (Cons h t) = Cons (f h) (map f t)
+
+constMap :: a -> List b -> List a
+constMap c = map (\x -> c)
+
+main = constMap (5 :: Integer) (Cons (1 :: Integer) (Cons (2 :: Integer) (Cons (3 :: Integer) Nil)))
+--
+(Cons 5 (Cons 5 (Cons 5 Nil)))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Layout1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Layout1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f68e9a6a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Layout1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+foobar x = match x with
+    Left lt -> foo lt
+    Right rt -> bar rt
+  where
+    foo x = "left " + show x
+    bar x = "right " + show x
+
+main = foobar (Left "ASD" :: Either String String)
+--
+left "ASD"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/List.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/List.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b746c31ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/List.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+main :: List Integer
+main = Cons (3 :: Integer) Nil
+--
+(Cons 3 Nil)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListError1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListError1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fece992c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListError1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+a :: [Integer]
+a = a
+
+main :: [Double]
+main = [x | x <- a]
+--
+5:9-5:10: Expected  got .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListError2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListError2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..135e2704b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListError2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+a :: Integer
+a = a
+
+main :: [Integer]
+main = [x | x <- a]
+--
+5:18-5:19: Expected <[a]> got .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1747a6f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+a = [1,2]
+b = [5,9]
+main = [(x,y) | x <- a, y <- b]
+--
+[(1,5), (1,9), (2,5), (2,9)]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax10.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax10.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..726dba5c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax10.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+dists l = sum [sqrt (dx*dx + dy*dy) 
+              | i <- [0..length l-2]
+              , (x1,y1) = l!i
+              , (x2,y2) = l!(i+1)
+              , dx = x1-x2
+              , dy = y1-y2 ]
+              
+main = dists [(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)]
+--            
+2.8284271247461903
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax11.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax11.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15f044190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax11.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+dists l = sum [sqrt (x*x+y*y) 
+              | (x,y) <- l ]
+              
+main = dists [(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)]
+--            
+3.414213562373095
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax12.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax12.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b18eb3d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax12.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+              
+main = foldl (+) 0 [x | y <- [1..10], x <- [1..y]]
+--            
+220
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e020731a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+a = [1,2]
+b = [5,9]
+main = [(x, y) | x <- a, x==2, y <- b]
+--
+[(2,5), (2,9)]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6cbbca7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = [1,2,3,4]
+--
+[1, 2, 3, 4]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a95063523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main :: [Integer]
+main = [y | x <- [1..3], y = x+4]
+--
+[5, 6, 7]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax5.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax5.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ba833078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax5.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+a = [1,2,3,4]
+
+main :: [Integer]
+main = [x+y | x <- a, y <- a, x!=y]
+--
+[3, 4, 5, 3, 5, 6, 4, 5, 7, 5, 6, 7]
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax6.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax6.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3e08c47d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax6.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main :: [Integer]
+main = [x | x <- [1..10], then take 3]
+--
+[1, 2, 3]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax7.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax7.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54cf21c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax7.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main :: [Integer]
+main = [x | x <- [2,4,3,5,4,6], then sortBy by x]
+--
+[2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax8.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax8.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac5ce5765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax8.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+a :: [Either Integer Integer]
+a = [Left 1, Right 2, Left 3, Right 4]
+
+lefts :: [Either a b] -> [a]
+lefts l = [x | Left x <- l] 
+
+main :: [Integer]
+main = lefts a
+--
+[1, 3]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax9.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax9.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83de25518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntax9.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+a :: [Either Integer Integer]
+a = [Left 1, Right 2, Left 3, Right 4]
+
+lefts :: [Either a b] -> [a]
+lefts l = [x | y <- l, Left x = y] 
+
+main :: [Integer]
+main = lefts a
+--
+[1, 3]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntaxWithoutPrelude.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntaxWithoutPrelude.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8806f93a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ListSyntaxWithoutPrelude.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+main = [1 :: Integer,2 :: Integer,3 :: Integer]
+--
+[1, 2, 3]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e4690a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+reverse :: List a -> List a
+reverse l = do 
+    reverseAux accum Nil        = accum
+    reverseAux accum (Cons h t) = reverseAux (Cons h accum) t
+    reverseAux Nil l
+    
+main = reverse (Cons (1 :: Integer) (Cons (2 :: Integer) (Cons (3 :: Integer) (Cons (4 :: Integer) Nil))))
+--
+(Cons 4 (Cons 3 (Cons 2 (Cons 1 Nil))))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f17a8beee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+hasEvenLength :: List a -> Boolean
+hasEvenLength l = do 
+    even Nil        = True
+    even (Cons _ t) = odd t
+    odd  Nil        = False
+    odd  (Cons _ t) = even t
+    even l
+
+main = hasEvenLength (Cons (1 :: Integer) (Cons (2 :: Integer) (Cons (3 :: Integer) (Cons (4 :: Integer) Nil))))
+--
+true
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71a193f6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+data Step s = Skip s
+
+next :: (s -> Step s) -> s -> Step s 
+next next0 ss = match next0 ss with 
+    Skip ss -> Skip ss
+    
+main = next (\x -> Skip x) (3 :: Integer)
+--
+3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe07e4742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+first p = x
+  where 
+    (x,y) = p
+    
+main = first (3 :: Integer,4 :: Integer)
+--
+3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions5.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions5.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97cf72c2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/LocalDefinitions5.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+data Foo = Foo Double Double
+
+a = Foo 1 2
+
+b = y
+  where
+    Foo x y = a
+    
+main = show b
+--
+2.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37b4e053e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+@macro
+(||) :: Boolean -> Boolean -> Boolean 
+a || b = if a then True else b
+
+main :: Boolean
+main = True || (fail "This should not be executed")
+--
+true
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1379cd8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+(==) = Java.icmpeq
+
+@macro
+(&<&) :: Integer -> Integer -> Integer
+a &<& b = if cmp == 0 then b else cmp
+  where   
+    cmp = a
+
+main = 3 &<& 7
+--
+3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec1571dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+@JavaType "java.util.Collection"
+data Collection a
+
+@macro
+collectionToList :: Collection a -> [a]
+collectionToList = Java.unsafeCoerce
+
+singleton :: a -> Collection a
+singleton = Java.staticMethod "java.util.Collections.singletonList"
+
+main :: [Integer]
+main = collectionToList (singleton 15)
+--
+[15]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87e41e0af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Macros4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+@macro
+@inline
+($) :: (a ->  b) -> a ->  b
+f $ x = f x
+
+justExecute :: (() -> a) -> a
+justExecute f = f ()
+
+main :: Integer
+main = justExecute $ \() -> (13 :: Integer)
+--
+13
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Map1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Map1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d9f38c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Map1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+map f Nil = Nil
+map f (Cons h t) = Cons (f h) (map f t)
+
+map2 f l = run l
+  where
+    run Nil = Nil
+    run (Cons h t) = Cons (f h) (run t)
+
+map3 f l = run l
+  where
+    run Nil = Nil
+    run (Cons h t) = Cons (f h) (map f t)
+    
+main = "Foo"
+--
+Foo
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MarketModel.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MarketModel.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da27b041d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MarketModel.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+l :: [Integer]
+l = [2,3]
+
+f :: Integer ->  [Integer]
+f n = [n] + [0 | i <- l]
+    
+main = f 1
+--
+[1, 0, 0]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MarketModel2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MarketModel2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcd576bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MarketModel2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import "IterN"
+import "Random"
+
+foo :: Integer ->  Double
+foo n = runRandom $ foldlN addRandom 0.0 n
+
+addRandom :: Double -> Integer ->  Double
+addRandom v i = v + randomDouble
+
+main = "Foo"
+--
+Foo
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f240a1c2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+first :: List Integer -> Integer
+//first Nil = 0 :: Integer
+first (Cons x _) = x
+
+reverse :: List a -> List a
+reverse l = reverseAux Nil l 
+  where
+    reverseAux accum Nil = accum
+    reverseAux accum (Cons h t) = reverseAux (Cons h accum) t    
+
+main :: Integer
+main = first (reverse l) 
+  where
+    l = Cons (1 :: Integer) (Cons (2 :: Integer) (Cons (3 :: Integer) Nil))
+--
+3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c71b98bf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+main = match (5 :: Integer) with
+  (1 :: Integer) -> "wrong"
+  (2 :: Integer) -> "wrong"
+  (5 :: Integer) -> "right"
+  (6 :: Integer) -> "wrong"
+  _ -> "wrong"
+--
+right
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..904a84397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+a = 5 :: Long
+main = match a with
+  1 -> "wrong"
+  2 -> "wrong"
+  5 -> "right"
+  6 -> "wrong"
+  _ -> "wrong"
+--
+right
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching3b.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching3b.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..486434583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching3b.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+foo 1 = "one"
+foo 2 = "two"
+
+main = if True then foo (2 :: Long) else foo (1 :: Integer)
+--
+two
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c8812b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+dummySum [] = 0
+dummySum [a] = a
+dummySum [a,b] = a + b
+dummySum [a,b,c] = a + b + c
+dummySum l = sum l
+
+main = dummySum [] + dummySum [1] + dummySum [1,2] + dummySum [1,2,3]
+--
+10
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching5.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching5.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61723e8f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Matching5.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+main = do 
+    match () with
+        () -> "Hello"
+--
+Hello
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MatchingWithMissingParameter.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MatchingWithMissingParameter.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33a681fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MatchingWithMissingParameter.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+data Foo = Foo Integer Integer
+         | Bar
+         
+isFoo (Foo _) = True
+isFoo _ = False
+
+main = "Hello world!"
+--
+4:7-4:14: The function is applied with too few parameters.
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MatchingWithoutTypeAnnotations.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MatchingWithoutTypeAnnotations.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80d147773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MatchingWithoutTypeAnnotations.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+//first :: List Integer -> Integer
+first Nil = 0 :: Integer
+first (Cons x _) = x
+
+main = first (Cons (9 :: Integer) (Cons (8 :: Integer) Nil))
+--
+9
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MaximumBy.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MaximumBy.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c70c9dae8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MaximumBy.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import "Prelude" hiding (maximumBy)
+
+maximumBy :: Ord b => (a -> b) -> [a] -> a
+maximumBy f = snd . foldl1 maxF . map (\x -> (f x, x))
+  where
+    maxF (a @ (aV,_)) (b @ (bV,_)) = if aV >= bV then a else b
+  
+main = maximumBy (`mod` 10) [1::Integer, 14, 23, 9, 14, 67]  
+--
+9
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98a7d71ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+a = Nothing
+main = match a with
+    Nothing -> "Correct"
+    Just x -> "Incorrect"
+--
+Correct
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0bc50fb5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+a = Just True
+main = match a with
+    Nothing -> False
+    Just x -> x
+--
+true
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a0f12070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+a = Just "ABC"
+main = match a with
+    Nothing -> "Incorrect"
+    Just x -> x
+--
+ABC
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53e3ed3d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Maybe4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import "Prelude" hiding (fromMaybe)
+import "Random"
+
+importJava "org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests.imports.Maybe4Imports" where
+    toMaybeDouble :: String ->  Maybe a
+
+fromMaybe :: a -> Maybe a -> a
+fromMaybe _ (Just v) = v
+fromMaybe def _ = def
+
+f x = do
+    a = fromMaybe (-1.0) (toMaybeDouble x)
+    b = fromMaybe (-1.0) (toMaybeDouble ("1" + x))
+    a+b
+
+main = withSeed 123 (f "2.0")
+--
+14.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MissingEffect.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MissingEffect.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a5ea98c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MissingEffect.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import "Prelude" hiding (findFirst)
+
+findFirst :: (a ->  Maybe b) -> [a] -> Maybe b
+findFirst f l = loop 0
+  where
+    len = length l
+    loop i                         
+        | i >= len  = Nothing
+        | otherwise = match f (l!i) with
+                        s @ (Just _) -> s
+                        Nothing      -> loop (i+1)
+
+main = "Not to be executed"
+--
+9:29-9:36: Side-effect a is forbidden here.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MissingMethod.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MissingMethod.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5b1b27f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MissingMethod.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+class FooBar a where
+    foo :: a -> a
+    bar :: a -> a
+    
+instance FooBar Integer where
+    foo x = x
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+5:1-6:14: Method bar is not defined.
+    
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MissingTypeParameter.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MissingTypeParameter.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc40ab9cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MissingTypeParameter.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+importJava "java.util.Arrays" where
+    toString :: MVector /*Double*/ -> String
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+???
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ModuleInitialization.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ModuleInitialization.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd3dfa10b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ModuleInitialization.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+d = map (+1) c
+a = [1,2,3]
+c = map (+1) b
+b = map (+1) a
+e = map (+1) d
+
+main = e
+--
+[5, 6, 7]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MonadBug1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MonadBug1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44ddf00e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MonadBug1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class Monad m where
+   (>>=) :: m a -> (a -> m b) -> m b
+
+@macro
+(>>) :: Monad m => m a -> m b -> m b
+ma >> mb = ma >>= (\_ -> mb)
+
+main = "OK"
+--
+OK
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MonadSyntax1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MonadSyntax1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94774a4f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MonadSyntax1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+a = [1, 2]
+b = [5, 6]
+
+main = mdo 
+  x <- a
+  y <- b
+  return (x+y) 
+--
+[6, 7, 7, 8]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MonadSyntax2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MonadSyntax2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6244a6162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/MonadSyntax2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+a = [1, 2]
+b = [5, 6]
+
+main = do 
+  x <- a
+  y <- b
+  return (x+y) 
+--
+7:3-7:9: Bind statements are allowed only in mdo-blocks.
+8:3-8:9: Bind statements are allowed only in mdo-blocks.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Monads1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Monads1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90115d3ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Monads1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+a = [1, 2]
+b = [5, 6]
+
+main = a >>= \x -> b >>= \y -> return (x+y) 
+--
+[6, 7, 7, 8]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NoDefinitionErrorMessage.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NoDefinitionErrorMessage.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8597a78ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NoDefinitionErrorMessage.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Idea of this test is that the missing definition should only cause
+// one error message pointing to the type declaration.
+a :: Double
+b :: Double
+b = a
+--
+3:1-3:12: a is not defined.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NoInstance.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NoInstance.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bc5cabba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NoInstance.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+class Foo a where
+    foo :: a
+
+x :: Double
+x = foo
+
+--
+6:5-6:8: Constraint  is not given and cannot be derived.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NoInstance2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NoInstance2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9490a822d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NoInstance2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+class Foo a where
+    foo :: a
+
+y :: Double
+y = y
+    
+x = if True then foo else y
+--
+8:18-8:21: There is no instance for .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NonassociativeOperator.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NonassociativeOperator.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2b473ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NonassociativeOperator.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+infix 3 (+)
+
+a + b = a
+
+threeTimes x = x + x + x
+--
+5:22-5:23: Operator + is not associative.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NonexistentTypeClassInAnnotation.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NonexistentTypeClassInAnnotation.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40306395a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NonexistentTypeClassInAnnotation.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+deepId :: FooBar b => b -> a -> a
+deepId count x = deepId2 count x
+deepId2 count x = if count <= 0 then x else deepId (count-1) x
+
+main = deepId (5 :: Integer) "FOO"
+--
+3:11-3:17: Unresolved type class FooBar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NonexistingEffect.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NonexistingEffect.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ed51f912
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/NonexistingEffect.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+importJava "java.lang.System" where
+    nanoTime :: () ->  Long
+
+main = nanoTime ()
+--
+2:24-2:28: Didn't find effect constructor Pred.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OneLineMatch.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OneLineMatch.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f16b0783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OneLineMatch.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Tests that match cases can be given in the same line as the scrutinee
+data FooBar a = Foo a | Bar a
+extract x = match x with Foo v -> v ; Bar v -> v
+main = extract (Foo (3 :: Integer))
+--
+3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OpenString1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OpenString1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8a7c4c76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OpenString1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"asd 
+--
+1:1-1:6: Unclosed string literal.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OpenString2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OpenString2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31953cc01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OpenString2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"asd 
+
+
+asd
+--
+1:1-1:6: Unclosed string literal.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedArithmetic1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedArithmetic1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de083e814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedArithmetic1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+infixl 6 (+)
+
+class Additive a where 
+    (+)  :: a -> a -> a    
+    
+instance Additive Double where
+    x + y = Java.dadd x y
+
+instance Additive Integer where
+    x + y = Java.iadd x y
+    
+main = ((1.0 :: Double)+(2.0 :: Double),(3::Integer)+(4::Integer))
+--
+(3.0,7)
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedArithmetic2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedArithmetic2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1619f585d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedArithmetic2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+infixl 6 (+)
+
+class Additive a where 
+    (+)  :: a -> a -> a    
+    
+instance Additive Double where
+    x + y = Java.dadd x y
+
+instance Additive Integer where
+    x + y = Java.iadd x y
+    
+instance (Additive a, Additive b) => Additive (a,b) where
+    (x1,y1) + (x2,y2) = (x1+x2,y1+y2)
+    
+main = (1.0::Double,3::Integer) + (2.0::Double,4::Integer)
+--
+(3.0,7)
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedArithmetic3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedArithmetic3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..230e486cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedArithmetic3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+infixl 7 (*)
+infixl 6 (+)
+
+class Additive a where 
+    (+) :: a -> a -> a    
+
+class (Additive a) => Ring a where
+    (*) :: a -> a -> a
+
+instance Additive Double where
+    x + y = Java.dadd x y
+
+instance Ring Double where
+    x * y = Java.dmul x y
+
+instance Additive Integer where
+    x + y = Java.iadd x y
+
+instance Ring Integer where
+    x * y = Java.imul x y
+
+main = (1.0 :: Double)*(2.0 :: Double)+(3.0 :: Double)*(4.0 :: Double)
+--
+14.0
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedLiterals2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedLiterals2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1670972a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/OverloadedLiterals2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+inc :: Ring a => a -> a
+inc x = x + 1
+
+main :: Double
+main = inc 34
+--
+35.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Overloading1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Overloading1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfb607934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Overloading1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// module Foo1
+import "Prelude"
+
+foo :: Integer -> Boolean
+foo i = i == 5
+--
+// module Foo2
+import "Prelude"
+
+foo :: Integer -> Integer -> Boolean
+foo i j = i == j
+--
+import "Prelude"
+import "Foo1"
+import "Foo2"
+
+main = foo 5 && foo 5 4
+--
+false
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Overloading2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Overloading2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7a28de00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Overloading2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// module Max1
+import "Prelude"
+
+myMax :: Ord a => a -> a -> a
+myMax = max
+--
+// module Max2
+import "Prelude"
+
+myMax :: Ord a => a -> a -> a -> a
+myMax a b c = max a (max b c)
+--
+import "Prelude"
+import "Max1"
+import "Max2"
+
+main = myMax (1 :: Integer) 2 3 + myMax (3 :: Integer) 2 1 + myMax 4 2 :: Integer
+--
+10
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Overloading3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Overloading3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9385ce7bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Overloading3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// module M1
+import "Prelude"
+
+foo :: Ring a => Boolean -> a -> a
+foo True v = v+1
+foo False v = v+1 
+--
+// module M2
+import "Prelude"
+
+foo :: Ring a => String -> a -> a
+foo cond v = if cond=="true"
+             then v+1
+             else v-1 
+--
+import "Prelude"
+import "M1"
+import "M2"
+
+main = foo False (foo "True" 10) :: Integer
+--
+10
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Parsing.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Parsing.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ca342a34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Parsing.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+"""
+Parser is a function from a string and a position in the
+string to a possible semantics of a substring and the 
+end of the substring.
+"""
+data Parser a = Parser (String -> Integer -> Maybe (a, Integer))
+
+runParser :: Parser a -> String -> Integer -> Maybe (a, Integer)
+runParser (Parser f) = f 
+
+instance Functor Parser where
+    fmap f (Parser p) = Parser (\input pos -> match p input pos with
+        Nothing -> Nothing
+        Just (a, newPos) -> Just (f a, newPos)
+    )
+
+instance Monad Parser where
+    return x = Parser (\_ pos -> Just (x, pos))    
+    (pa >>= f) = Parser (\input pos -> match runParser pa input pos with
+        Nothing -> Nothing
+        Just (a, newPos) -> runParser (f a) input newPos
+    )  
+
+(|||) :: Parser a -> Parser a -> Parser a
+Parser a ||| Parser b = Parser (\input pos -> match a input pos with
+    Nothing -> b input pos
+    Just x -> Just x
+) 
+
+keyword :: String -> Parser ()
+keyword word = Parser (\input pos ->
+    if regionMatches word 0 input pos (length word)
+      then Just ((), pos + (length word))
+      else Nothing
+)
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+listSepL :: Parser () -> Parser a -> Parser (List a)
+listSepL sep el = mdo
+    head <- el
+    tail <- (sep >> listSepL sep el) ||| return Nil
+    return (Cons head tail) 
+
+fromList :: List a -> [a]
+fromList = unfoldr gen
+  where
+    gen Nil        = Nothing
+    gen (Cons h t) = Just (h, t)
+    
+listSep :: Parser () -> Parser a -> Parser [a]    
+listSep sep el = fmap fromList (listSepL sep el) 
+
+aOrB = (keyword "a" >> return "a") ||| (keyword "b" >> return "b")
+
+myParser = listSep (keyword ",") aOrB
+
+main = show (runParser myParser "a,b,b,a" 0)
+--
+Just (["a", "b", "b", "a"], 7)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PatternError.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PatternError.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce417affc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PatternError.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+data CP = CP Integer String
+
+//cpName :: CP -> String
+cpName CP cp name = name
+
+connectionPoints :: Integer -> [(CP, CP)]
+connectionPoints n = []
+
+hasTerminalProblems :: Integer -> Boolean
+hasTerminalProblems uc =
+    let cps = connectionPoints uc
+        cpCount = length cps
+        dcps = map snd cps
+        dnames = map cpName dcps
+        dcpNameCount = length $ unique $ sort dnames
+    in cpCount != dcpNameCount
+
+main = "Not OK"
+--
+6:8-6:10: ???
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PolymorphicRecursion.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PolymorphicRecursion.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed84193b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PolymorphicRecursion.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Idea here is to test the following property:
+// When a function is called recursively it has locally a monomorphic type.
+// Therefore the definition of cons does not work even if it works
+// with a proper type annotation.
+
+data Vec a = Nil | Zero (Vec (a,a)) | One a (Vec (a,a))
+
+// cons :: a -> Vec a -> Vec a
+cons x Nil        = One x Nil
+cons x (Zero ps)  = One x ps
+cons x (One y ps) = Zero (cons (x, y) ps)
+--
+11:21-11:42: Expected  got .
+11:33-11:34: Type (a, a) is not a subtype of a.
+11:36-11:37: Type (a, a) is not a subtype of a.
+11:39-11:41: Expected  got .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PolymorphicRecursion2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PolymorphicRecursion2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44738e055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PolymorphicRecursion2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+
+class Foo a where
+    foo :: a
+    
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+r x = Cons foo (r x)
+
+main = (1.0 :: Double)
+--
+1.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Polynomials.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Polynomials.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e35b9424
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Polynomials.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+data Poly a = Poly [a]
+
+normalize l = go (length l)
+  where
+    go i = if i > 0 && l!(i-1)==zero
+           then go (i-1)
+           else take i l 
+
+instance (Eq a, Additive a) => Additive (Poly a) where
+    zero = Poly []
+    Poly a + Poly b = 
+        Poly ( 
+            normalize (
+               zipWith (+) a b + 
+                 if la > lb
+                 then drop lb a
+                 else drop la b
+            )
+        )
+          where
+            la = length a
+            lb = length b        
+
+instance (Eq a, Ring a) => Ring (Poly a) where
+    one = Poly [one]
+    neg (Poly l) = Poly (map neg l)
+    a - b = a + (neg b)
+    Poly a * Poly b = 
+        Poly ( if aDeg < bDeg
+               then [ segSum n 0        n    | n <- [0     ..aDeg]   ]
+                  + [ segSum n 0        aDeg | n <- [aDeg+1..bDeg]   ]
+                  + [ segSum n (n-bDeg) aDeg | n <- [bDeg+1..sumDeg] ]
+               else [ segSum n 0        n    | n <- [0     ..bDeg]   ]
+                  + [ segSum n (n-bDeg) n    | n <- [bDeg+1..aDeg]   ]
+                  + [ segSum n (n-bDeg) aDeg | n <- [aDeg+1..sumDeg] ]
+             )
+          where 
+            aDeg = length a - 1
+            bDeg = length b - 1
+            sumDeg = aDeg + bDeg
+            segSum n low high = sum [ a!i * b!(n-i) | i <- [low..high] ]
+    fromInteger x = Poly [fromInteger x]
+            
+a = Poly [4.0,5.0,8.0,3.0,2.0,1.0]
+b = Poly [1.0,0.0,2.0,1.0]
+main = a * a + a * b + b * a + b * b - (a+b)*(a+b)
+--
+[]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PrecedenceOfNonoperators.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PrecedenceOfNonoperators.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3321e8958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/PrecedenceOfNonoperators.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+infixr 2 l
+infixr 1 r
+
+l a b = a
+r a b = b
+
+main = (1 :: Integer) `l` (2 :: Integer) `r` (3 :: Integer) `l` (4 :: Integer)
+--
+3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Primes.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Primes.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..830186ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Primes.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+infixl 7  (%)
+infixl 6  (+)
+infix  4  (==), (<)
+
+(+) = Java.iadd
+(%) = Java.irem
+(<) = Java.icmplt
+(==) = Java.icmpeq
+
+isPrime p = isPrimeAux (2 :: Integer) p
+  where
+    isPrimeAux d p = if d == p then True
+                     else if p % d == 0 then False
+                     else isPrimeAux (d+1) p
+                   
+nextPrime p = if isPrime p 
+              then p
+              else nextPrime (p+(1 :: Integer))                   
+                     
+main = nextPrime 32
+--
+37
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Proc1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Proc1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b91eed34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Proc1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "Prelude"
+   
+main = do
+    r = ref 13
+    r := 14
+    getRef r
+--
+14
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Proc2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Proc2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd8021b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Proc2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+data RealWorld = RealWorld
+data IO a = IO (RealWorld -> (RealWorld, a))
+
+@inline
+unIO (IO m) = m 
+
+instance Functor IO where
+    @inline
+    fmap f x = x >>= (return . f)
+
+instance Monad IO where
+    @inline
+    return x = IO (\s -> (s, x))
+    
+    @inline
+    (IO m) >>= f = IO (\s -> do
+        (newS, v) = m s
+        unIO (f v) newS 
+    )
+
+@inline
+runIO :: IO a -> a
+runIO m = snd (unIO m RealWorld)
+
+main = runIO (return (13 :: Integer))
+--
+13
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Proc3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Proc3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a17fe480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Proc3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+@private
+repeat :: Integer -> (() ->  a) ->  ()
+repeat n proc = 
+    if n > 0 then do
+        proc ()
+        repeat (n-1) proc
+    else () 
+
+main = do
+    a = ref 1 
+    repeat 3 (\() -> a := 2)
+    getRef a
+--
+2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Pythagoras.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Pythagoras.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95a5b9b78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Pythagoras.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+infixl 7 (*)
+infixl 6 (+)
+
+(+) :: Double -> Double -> Double
+(+) = Java.dadd
+(*) :: Double -> Double -> Double
+(*) = Java.dmul
+
+importJava "java.lang.Math" where
+    sqrt :: Double -> Double
+    sin :: Double -> Double
+    cos :: Double -> Double
+
+square x = x * x
+
+length x y = sqrt (square x + square y)
+
+pythagoras a = length (cos a) (sin a)
+
+main = pythagoras 2.0
+--
+1.0
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Random1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Random1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66922eadb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Random1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+// Actual program
+
+"""This function returns either 0 or 1 such that
+the expected value is pi/4"""
+approximatePi :: () ->  Double
+approximatePi () = if x*x + y*y < 1 then 1 else 0
+  where
+    x = randomDouble
+    y = randomDouble
+
+averageOfNRepeats n f = sum [f () | n <- [1..n]] / fromInteger n
+
+betterApproximatePi () = averageOfNRepeats 1000 approximatePi * 4
+
+main = withSeed 13 (betterApproximatePi ())
+--
+3.068
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RangeSyntax.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RangeSyntax.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..662255248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RangeSyntax.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = [5..9]
+--
+[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Record1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Record1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcfbf6a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Record1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+data XYS = XYS { x :: Double, y :: Double, s :: String }
+
+len XYS {x = x, y = y} = sqrt (x*x + y*y)
+
+main = len (XYS { x = 4, y = 3, s = "Hello world!" })
+-- 
+5.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecordShorthand.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecordShorthand.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3af73e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecordShorthand.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+data Vec = Vec { x :: Double, y :: Double }
+deriving instance Show Vec
+
+createVec x y = Vec {x, y}
+sumVec Vec { x1, y1 } Vec { x2, y2 } = Vec { x = x1+x2, y = y1 + y2 }
+
+main = sumVec (createVec 1 2) (createVec 3 4)
+-- 
+(Vec 4.0 6.0)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveContext.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveContext.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..741286211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveContext.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+infixl 6  (+), (-)
+
+class Num a where 
+    (+) :: a -> a -> a
+    (-) :: a -> a -> a
+    isZero :: a -> Boolean
+    one :: a     
+    
+instance Num Integer where
+    x + y = Java.iadd x y
+    x - y = Java.isub x y
+    isZero x = Java.icmpeq Java.iconst_0 x
+    one = Java.iconst_1
+  
+even x = if isZero x then True else odd (x - one)
+odd x = if isZero x then False else even (x - one)   
+    
+main = odd (8 :: Integer)
+--
+false
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..554852045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+a = b
+b = a
+
+main = a
+--
+???: Variables defined recursively must all be functions.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7291bb990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+f g = a
+  where 
+    a = g a
+--
+3:11-3:12: Couldn't resolve variable a.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..020a967d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+data Nat = O | S Nat
+
+// It is important for this test that even and or are not annotated
+even O = True
+even (S x) = odd x
+
+odd O = False
+odd (S x) = even x
+
+main = even (S (S (S (S (S O)))))
+--
+false
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0315be34a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RecursiveValues4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+(foo, bar) = (foo, "Hello world!")
+
+main = "ERROR"
+--
+1:1-1:11: Illegal left hand side of the definition.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RedBlackTrees.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RedBlackTrees.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f47bd013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RedBlackTrees.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+// Version 1, 'untyped'
+data Color = R | B 
+
+deriving instance Show Color
+
+data RB a = E | T Color (RB a) a (RB a)
+
+rbToList :: RB a -> [a]
+rbToList E = []
+rbToList (T _ l a r) = rbToList l + [a] + rbToList r
+
+deriving instance (Show a) => Show (RB a)
+
+// Insertion and membership test as by Okasaki
+insert :: Ord a => a -> RB a -> RB a
+insert x s = (match ins s with T _ a z b -> T B a z b) 
+    where
+        ins E = T R E x E
+        ins s = match s with
+          T B a y b ->
+              if xy 
+              then balance a y (ins b)
+              else s
+          T R a y b ->
+              if xy 
+              then T R a y (ins b)
+              else s
+
+member :: Ord a => a -> RB a -> Boolean
+member x E = False
+member x (T _ a y b)
+    | xy = member x b
+    | otherwise = True
+
+// balance: first equation is new, to make it work with a weaker invariant
+balance :: RB a -> a -> RB a -> RB a
+balance (T R a x b) y (T R c z d) = T R (T B a x b) y (T B c z d)
+balance (T R (T R a x b) y c) z d = T R (T B a x b) y (T B c z d)
+balance (T R a x (T R b y c)) z d = T R (T B a x b) y (T B c z d)
+balance a x (T R b y (T R c z d)) = T R (T B a x b) y (T B c z d)
+balance a x (T R (T R b y c) z d) = T R (T B a x b) y (T B c z d)
+balance a x b = T B a x b
+
+// deletion a la SMK 
+delete :: Ord a => a -> RB a -> RB a
+delete x t = (match del t with 
+               T _ a y b -> T B a y b
+               _ -> E)
+      where
+        del E = E
+        del (T _ a y b)
+            | xy = delformRight a y b
+            | otherwise = app a b
+        delformLeft a y b= match a with
+            T B _ _ _ -> balleft (del a) y b
+            _         -> T R (del a) y b
+        delformRight a y b = match b with
+            T B _ _ _ -> balright a y (del b)
+            _         -> T R a y (del b)
+
+balleft :: RB a -> a -> RB a -> RB a
+balleft (T R a x b) y c = T R (T B a x b) y c
+balleft bl x (T B a y b) = balance bl x (T R a y b)
+balleft bl x (T R (T B a y b) z c) = T R (T B bl x a) y (balance b z (sub1 c))
+
+balright :: RB a -> a -> RB a -> RB a
+balright a x (T R b y c) = T R a x (T B b y c)
+balright (T B a x b) y bl = balance (T R a x b) y bl
+balright (T R a x (T B b y c)) z bl = T R (balance (sub1 a) x b) y (T B c z bl)
+
+sub1 :: RB a -> RB a
+sub1 (T B a x b) = T R a x b
+sub1 _ = fail "invariance violation"
+
+app :: RB a -> RB a -> RB a
+app E x = x
+app x E = x
+app (T R a x b) (T R c y d) =
+    match app b c with
+        T R b' z c' -> T R(T R a x b') z (T R c' y d)
+        bc -> T R a x (T R bc y d)
+app (T B a x b) (T B c y d) = 
+    match app b c with
+        T R b' z c' -> T R(T B a x b') z (T B c' y d)
+        bc -> balleft a x (T B bc y d)
+app a (T R b x c) = T R (app a b) x c
+app (T R a x b) c = T R a x (app b c)
+
+testList = [4,6,2,7,4,7,2,5]
+
+main = rbToList (foldl (flip insert) E testList)
+--
+[2, 4, 5, 6, 7]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Relations1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Relations1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b15c1b861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Relations1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+Concat ?x ?y ?z :-    
+    @bbf 1
+    ?z = ?x + ?y
+    
+    @bfb 0.5
+    startsWith ?z ?x
+    ?y = drop (length ?x) ?z
+    
+    @fbb 0.5
+    endsWith ?z ?y
+    ?x = take (length ?z - length ?y) ?z
+
+main = select ?y where 
+    Concat "Hello " ?y "Hello world!"
+--
+[world!]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Relations2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Relations2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..825685edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Relations2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+MyExecute ?procedure :-
+    @enforce
+    Execute (?procedure "Foo")
+
+main = do
+    v = ref ""
+    enforce MyExecute (v :=)
+    getRef v 
+--
+Foo
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RepeatedVariableInPattern.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RepeatedVariableInPattern.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e5cf084c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/RepeatedVariableInPattern.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+invalidProject :: (a,a) -> a
+invalidProject (a,a) = a
+
+main = "Not to be executed!"
+--
+2:19-2:20: Repeated variable a in pattern.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SSATypingBug.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SSATypingBug.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15ff01275
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SSATypingBug.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+test :: () -> [Integer]
+test _ = do
+  header = [0]
+  rows = map (\foo -> map (\bar -> bar) [foo]) [1..5]
+  foldl (+) header rows
+  
+main = test ()
+--
+[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Scanl.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Scanl.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67821ddef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Scanl.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import "Prelude" hiding (scanl)
+
+scanl :: (b -> a ->  b) -> b -> [a] ->  [b]
+scanl f initial l = build (loop initial 0)
+  where
+    len = length l
+    loop cur i accum cons = let nl = cons accum cur
+                            in if i==len
+                               then nl
+                               else loop (f cur (l!i)) (i+1) nl cons
+                               
+main = scanl (+) 0 [1,2,3]
+--
+[0, 1, 3, 6]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Search.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Search.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..352e92c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Search.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import "Prelude" hiding (findFirst)
+
+infinity = 1e9
+
+@inline
+findFirst :: (a ->  Maybe b) -> [a] ->  Maybe b
+findFirst f l = loop 0
+  where
+    len = length l
+    loop i                         
+        | i >= len  = Nothing
+        | otherwise = match f (l!i) with
+                        s @ (Just _) -> s
+                        Nothing      -> loop (i+1)
+
+dfsFirst :: (a ->  Boolean) -> (a ->  [a]) -> [a] ->  (Maybe a)
+dfsFirst acceptable successors initial = tryAll initial
+  where
+    tryAll l = findFirst loop l
+    loop p 
+        | acceptable p = Just p
+        | otherwise    = tryAll (successors p)
+
+data Weighted a = Weighted a Double
+
+//type SearchAlgorithm e a =
+//    (a ->  Boolean) -> (a ->  [Weighted a]) -> [Weighted a] ->  Weighted (Maybe a)
+    
+//dfs :: SearchAlgorithm e a
+dfs :: (a ->  Boolean) -> (a ->  [Weighted a]) -> [Weighted a] ->  Weighted (Maybe a)
+dfs acceptable successors initial = foldl loop (Weighted Nothing infinity) initial
+  where
+    loop best@(Weighted _ bestW) (Weighted p w)
+        | w >= bestW   = best
+        | acceptable p = Weighted (Just p) w
+        | otherwise    = foldl loop best
+                       $ map (\(Weighted p' w') -> Weighted p' (w+w'))
+                       $ successors p
+
+/*
+bfs :: SearchAlgorithm e a
+
+aStar :: (a ->  Double) -> SearchAlgorithm e a
+*/
+main = "Hello"
+--
+Hello
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Sections.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Sections.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d7e57677
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Sections.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = map (1/) $ map (*3) [1,2,3]
+--
+[0.3333333333333333, 0.16666666666666666, 0.1111111111111111]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8d0359ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+main = let
+    l = [1..3] 
+  in
+    select (?x,?y) where 
+        ?x <- l
+        ?y <- l
+        ?x = ?y
+--
+[(1,1), (2,2), (3,3)]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4928238c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+import "Minigraph"
+
+main = withGraph do
+    a = resource "a"
+    b = map resource ["b0", "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4"]
+    r = map resource ["r0", "r1"]
+    
+    enforce
+        Statement a (r!0) (b!0)
+        Statement a (r!0) (b!1)
+        Statement a (r!1) (b!4)
+        Statement a (r!1) (b!3)
+        Statement (b!1) (r!0) (b!2)
+    R a :- {}
+    R ?x :- R ?y ; Statement ?y (r!0) ?x
+    S ?x :- R ?x ; Statement ?x (r!0) _
+    sort $ map uriOf $ select ?x where S ?x
+--
+[a, b1]
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3e4f44e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+import "Minigraph"
+
+main = withGraph do
+    a = resource "a"
+    b = map resource ["b0", "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4"]
+    r = map resource ["r0", "r1"]
+    
+    enforce
+        Statement a (r!0) (b!0)
+        Statement a (r!0) (b!1)
+        Statement a (r!1) (b!4)
+        Statement (b!1) (r!1) (b!3)
+        Statement (b!1) (r!0) (b!2)
+    sort $ map uriOf $ select ?x where 
+        Statement a (r!0) (_ : Resource { #r1 = ?x })
+--
+[b3]
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3199e9545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+import "Minigraph"
+
+main = withGraph do
+    a = resource "a"
+    b = map resource ["b0", "b1", "b2"]
+    r = map resource ["r0", "r1"]
+    
+    enforce
+        Statement a (r!0) (b!0)
+        Statement a (r!0) (b!1)
+        Statement a (r!1) (b!1)
+        Statement a (r!1) (b!2)
+    sort $ map uriOf $ select ?x where 
+        <|> Statement a (r!0) ?x
+            Statement a (r!1) ?x
+--
+[b0, b1, b1, b2]
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select5.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select5.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18172473f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select5.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+import "Minigraph"
+
+main = withGraph do
+    r = map resource ["r0", "r1"]
+    sort $ map uriOf $ select ?x where 
+        Statement ?y (r!0) ?x
+        Statement ?x (r!1) ?y
+--
+6:24-8:30: Failed to compile the query.
+Unsolved variables: ?x, ?y
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select6.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select6.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84e4df30e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select6.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+main = select ?x where
+    (?x,?y) = (1,2)
+--
+[1]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select7.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select7.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0be01ade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select7.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+main = select ?x where
+    (?x, 3) <- [(1,2),(2,3),(3,4)]
+--
+[2]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select8.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select8.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..787704445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select8.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+Foo ?a ?b ?l :-
+    @ffb
+    (?a,?b) <- ?l
+
+main = select ?x where
+    Foo ?x 3 [(1,2),(2,3),(3,4)]
+--
+[2]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select9.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select9.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..56806793c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Select9.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+s1 = [1,2,3]
+s2 = [1,3] 
+    
+main = do
+    C ?x :-
+        ?x <- s1
+         ?x <- s2
+    select ?x where C ?x
+--
+[2]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SelfReferringContextInTypeClass.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SelfReferringContextInTypeClass.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2f1bd7a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SelfReferringContextInTypeClass.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+class Ord a where
+    min :: Ord a => a -> a -> a
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+2:12-2:15: Unresolved type class Ord.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Serialization.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Serialization.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0d44e357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Serialization.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+rt :: Serializable a => a -> a
+rt v = deserialize (serialize v)
+
+main :: String
+main = show (
+  (rt "Hello", rt ()),
+  (rt 1.2 :: Double, rt 1.2 :: Float, 3 :: Integer, 4 :: Long),
+  rt (Just (1 :: Integer)),
+  (rt [1::Integer,2,3], rt [[1::Integer,2],[3,4]], fromDoubleArray (rt (toDoubleArray [3::Double,2,1])))
+  )
+--
+(("Hello", ()), (1.2, 1.2, 3, 4), Just 1, ([1, 2, 3], [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [3.0, 2.0, 1.0]))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Serialization2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Serialization2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8384527e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Serialization2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import "Prelude"
+import "Serialization"
+
+rt :: IO a => a -> a
+rt v = readByteArray (writeByteArray v)
+
+main = show (
+  (rt "Hello", rt ()),
+  (rt 1.2 :: Double, rt 1.2 :: Float, 3 :: Integer, 4 :: Long),
+  rt (Just (1 :: Integer)),
+  (rt [1::Integer,2,3], rt [[1::Integer,2],[3,4]], fromDoubleArray (rt (toDoubleArray [3,2,1])))
+  )
+--
+(("Hello", ()), (1.2, 1.2, 3, 4), Just 1, ([1, 2, 3], [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [3.0, 2.0, 1.0]))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Serialization3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Serialization3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d883dfea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Serialization3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import "Prelude"
+import "Serialization" as Serialization
+
+rt :: Serialization.IO a => a -> a
+rt v = Serialization.readByteArray (Serialization.writeByteArray v)
+
+data FooBar a = Foo Integer | Bar a
+
+deriving instance (Show a) => Show (FooBar a)
+deriving instance (Serialization.IO a) => Serialization.IO (FooBar a)
+
+/*
+instance IO FooBar where
+    read s = match Serialization.read s :: Integer with
+             0 -> Foo (Serialization.read s)
+             1 -> Bar (Serialization.read s)
+    write s (Foo x) = do Serialization.write s (0 :: Integer) ; Serialization.write s x
+    write s (Bar x) = do Serialization.write s (1 :: Integer) ; Serialization.write s x
+*/
+main = show (rt (Foo 3 :: FooBar Double))
+--
+Foo 3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Set1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Set1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b868ecf89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Set1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+s1 = Set.set [3,2,1,4]
+s2 = Set.set [9,8,3,2]
+s1s2 = Set.union s1 s2
+
+main = show s1s2
+--
+set [1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SharedTypeVariable.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SharedTypeVariable.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19fd565e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SharedTypeVariable.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Idea here is that the type variable in the top level type annotation
+// and the type annotation in the expression should be the same type.
+id :: a -> a
+id x = (x :: a)
+
+main = id "OK"
+--
+OK
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ShortcutFusion.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ShortcutFusion.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6423ecbef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ShortcutFusion.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+@private
+@inline
+build :: (forall a. a -> (b -> a -> a) -> a) -> List b
+build f = f Nil Cons
+
+@private
+foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> List a -> b
+foldr cons nil Nil = nil
+foldr cons nil (Cons h t) = cons h (foldr cons nil t)
+
+@private
+@inline
+singleton :: a -> List a
+singleton x = build (\nil cons -> cons x nil)
+
+@private
+@inline
+last :: List a -> a -> a
+last l def = foldr (\x _ -> x) def l
+
+main = last (singleton "Hello") "Foo"
+--
+Hello
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Show1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Show1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..649f3cbce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Show1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = show [(1,2),(3,4),(5,6)]
+--
+[(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Signals.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Signals.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..726a3f5be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Signals.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+// --- Signals ------------------------------------------------------
+
+data Signal =
+    SigSum [Signal]
+  | SigConst Double
+  | SigNeg Signal
+  | SigMul [Signal]
+
+deriving instance Eq Signal
+deriving instance Hashable Signal
+deriving instance Show Signal
+
+instance Additive Signal where
+    zero = SigConst 0
+    a + b = SigSum [a,b]
+    sum l = SigSum l
+
+instance Ring Signal where
+    one = SigConst 1
+    neg a = SigNeg a
+    fromInteger i = SigConst (fromInteger i)
+    a * b = SigMul [a,b]
+
+/*
+instance Real Signal where
+    fromDouble d = SigConst d
+*/
+
+main :: Signal
+main = 1 + 2 * 3 - 4 
+--
+???
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SinConst1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SinConst1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66621b13b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SinConst1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = (sin + const 1) 0
+--
+1.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Sort.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Sort.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7efdf8941
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Sort.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main :: [Integer]
+main = sort [1,5,2,4,3]
+--
+[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Sort2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Sort2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8518264ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Sort2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+importJava "org.simantics.scl.runtime.Lists" where
+    sortWith :: (a -> a -> Integer) -> [a] -> [a]
+
+//@JavaStaticMethod "org.simantics.scl.runtime.Lists.sortWith"
+//sortWith :: (a -> a -> Integer) -> [a] -> [a]
+
+
+//sortWith = Java.staticMethod "org.simantics.scl.runtime.Lists.sortWith"
+
+dumbCompare :: a -> a -> Integer
+dumbCompare x y = 0
+
+dumbSort = sortWith dumbCompare 
+
+main = "Foo"
+--
+Foo
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SpecConstr1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SpecConstr1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ff7d476f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SpecConstr1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+data Either a b = Left a | Right b
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+data Nat = Zero | Succ Nat
+
+sum Zero a = a
+sum a Zero = a
+sum (Succ a) (Succ b) = Succ (Succ (sum a b))
+
+sum_append xs ys
+ = go Zero (Left xs)
+ where
+    go z (Left xs)
+      = match xs with
+        Nil -> go z (Right ys)
+        Cons x xs' -> go (sum x z) (Left xs')
+    go z (Right ys)
+      = match ys with
+        Nil -> z
+        Cons y ys' -> go (sum y z) (Right ys')
+
+main = "Hello world!"
+--
+Hello world!
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StackTrace.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StackTrace.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe30fa3af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StackTrace.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+main = fail "badly"
+--
+???
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StreamFusion.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StreamFusion.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d1864a22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StreamFusion.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+data Either a b = Left a | Right b
+
+data Stream a = Stream (s -> Step a s) s
+data Step a s = Done | Yield a s | Skip s
+
+// stream :: [a] -> Stream a
+// unstream :: Stream a -> [a] 
+// streamRev :: [a] -> Stream a
+// unstreamRev :: Stream a -> [a]
+
+//toStream :: [a] -> Stream a
+//toStream l = Stream (\i -> if i >= length l then Done else Yield (get l i) (i+1)) 0
+
+filterS :: (a -> Boolean) -> Stream a -> Stream a
+filterS p (Stream next0 s0) = Stream next s0
+  where
+    next s = match next s with
+        Done -> Done
+        Skip s -> Skip s        
+        Yield a s -> if p a then Yield a s else Skip s
+
+mapS :: (a -> b) -> Stream a -> Stream b
+mapS f (Stream next0 s0) = Stream next s0
+  where
+    next s = match next0 s with
+        Done -> Done
+        Skip s -> Skip s        
+        Yield a s -> Yield (f a) s
+      
+appendS :: Stream a -> Stream a -> Stream a
+appendS (Stream next1 s1) (Stream next2 s2) = Stream next (Left s1)
+  where
+    next (Left s) = match next1 s with
+        Done -> Skip (Right s2)
+        Skip s -> Skip (Left s)         
+        Yield a s -> Yield a (Left s)
+    next (Right s) = match next2 s with
+        Done -> Done
+        Skip s -> Skip (Right s)    
+        Yield a s -> Yield a (Right s)      
+
+decomposeS :: Stream a -> Maybe (a, Stream a)
+decomposeS (Stream next s0) = loop s0
+  where
+    loop s = match next s with
+        Done -> Nothing
+        Skip s -> loop s
+        Yield a s -> Just (a, Stream next s)    
+
+returnS :: a -> Stream a
+returnS x = Stream next True
+  where 
+    next True = Yield x False
+    next False = Done
+    
+isEmptyS :: Stream a -> Boolean 
+isEmptyS (Stream next s0) = loop s0
+  where
+    loop s = match next s with
+        Done -> True
+        Skip s -> loop s     
+        Yield _ _ -> False
+      
+foldlS :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> Stream b -> a
+foldlS f init (Stream next s0) = go init s0
+  where
+    go cur s = match next s with
+        Done -> cur
+        Skip s -> go cur s
+        Yield x s -> go (f cur x) s
+      
+scanlS :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> Stream b -> Stream a
+scanlS f init (Stream next0 s0) = Stream next (s0, init)
+  where
+    next (s,v) = match next0 s with
+        Done -> Done
+        Skip s -> Skip (s, v)
+        Yield x s -> Yield v (s, f v x)    
+            
+concatMapS :: (a -> Stream b) -> Stream a -> Stream b
+concatMapS f (Stream next0 s0) = Stream next (s0, Nothing)
+  where
+    next (s, Nothing) = match next0 s with
+        Done -> Done
+        Skip s -> Skip (s, Nothing)
+        Yield x s -> Skip (s, Just (f x))
+    next (s0, Just (Stream next1 s1)) = match next1 s1 with
+        Done -> Skip (s0, Nothing)
+        Skip s -> Skip (s0, Just (Stream next1 s))
+        Yield x s -> Yield x (s0, Just (Stream next1 s))
+
+zipWithS :: (a -> b -> c) -> Stream a -> Stream b -> Stream c
+zipWithS f (Stream next0 s0) (Stream next1 s1) = Stream next (s0, s1, Nothing)
+  where
+    next (s0, s1, Nothing) = match next0 s0 with
+        Done -> Done
+        Skip s -> Skip (s, s1, Nothing)
+        Yield x s -> Skip (s, s1, Just x)
+    next (s0, s1, Just x) = match next1 s1 with
+        Done -> Done
+        Skip s -> Skip (s0, s, Just x)
+        Yield y s -> Yield (f x y) (s0, s, Nothing)
+
+guardS :: Boolean -> Stream a -> Stream a
+guardS b (Stream next0 s0) = Stream next (b, s0)
+  where
+    next (False, _) = Done
+    next (True, s) = match next0 s with
+        Done -> Done
+        Skip s -> Skip (True, s)
+        Yield x s -> Yield x (True, s)
+/*
+takeS :: Integer -> Stream a -> Stream a
+takeS count (Stream next0 s0) = Stream next (count, s0)
+  where
+    next (count, s) = if count <= 0 then Done
+                      else match next0 s with
+                          Done -> Done
+                        | Skip s -> Skip (count, s)
+                        | Yield x s -> Yield x (count, s)
+*/
+repeatS :: a -> Stream a
+repeatS v = Stream next ()
+  where
+    next () = Yield v ()
+
+iterateS :: (a -> a) -> a -> Stream a
+iterateS f v = Stream next v
+  where
+    next v = Yield v (f v)
+  
+main :: Integer
+main = foldlS Java.iadd (0 :: Integer) 
+              (appendS (appendS (returnS (1 :: Integer)) 
+              (returnS (2 :: Integer))) (returnS (3 :: Integer)))
+--
+6
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringEscape.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringEscape.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51a75d3cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringEscape.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+main = "a\nb\"c\'d"
+--
+a
+b"c'd
+--
+main = "a\u0053"
+--
+aS
+--
+main = "a\xb"
+--
+1:8-1:10: Illegal string escape character.
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringInterpolation1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringInterpolation1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eabad781a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringInterpolation1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+f x = x + 1
+
+g a b = """\(a) + \(b) = \(a+b)"""
+
+main = "f 3 = \(f 3), " + g 1 2
+--
+f 3 = 4, 1 + 2 = 3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringInterpolation2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringInterpolation2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d219430b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringInterpolation2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+stringSum :: String -> Integer
+stringSum "(\(a),\(b),\(c))" = a + b + c
+
+main = stringSum "(1,2,3)"
+--
+6
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringMatching1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringMatching1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5865926af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/StringMatching1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+main :: Integer
+main = match "Bar" with
+  "Foo" -> 1
+  "Bar" -> 2
+  _ -> 3
+--
+2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SumOfInverses2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SumOfInverses2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3cacbae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/SumOfInverses2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+f :: Integer -> Double
+f m = sum [1/(fromInteger x) | x <- [1..m]]
+
+main = f 100
+--
+5.187377517639621
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Timing.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Timing.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..deb6d507c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Timing.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+main = do 
+    (r,t) = Debug.time (foldl (+) 0 
+                   $ map (\(_,_,z) -> z) 
+                   $ [(a,b,c) | a <- [1..50], b <- [1..50], c <- [1..50], a*a + b*b == c*c])
+    print t
+    r
+--
+1172
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TooManyParametersToSin.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TooManyParametersToSin.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfaf3db56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TooManyParametersToSin.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = sin 1 2
+--
+3:8-3:11: Constrain Real (a -> b) contains free variables not mentioned in the type of the value.
+3:14-3:15: Constrain Ring a contains free variables not mentioned in the type of the value.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..144b03155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+import "Minigraph"
+import "MMap" as MMap
+
+consistsOf ::  Integer
+consistsOf = resource "consistsOf"
+instanceOf ::  Integer
+instanceOf = resource "instanceOf"
+areConnected ::  Integer
+areConnected = resource "areConnected"
+from ::  Integer
+from = resource "from"
+to ::  Integer
+to = resource "to"
+
+element ::  Integer
+element = resource "Element"
+connection ::  Integer
+connection = resource "Connection"
+
+mapping relation MapDiagrams Integer Integer
+
+rule ElementsRule where
+    @when
+    MapDiagrams ?dA ?dB
+    
+    @from
+    Statement ?dA consistsOf ?elA
+    Statement ?elA instanceOf element
+    
+    @to
+    Statement ?dB consistsOf ?elB
+    Statement ?elB instanceOf element
+    
+    @where
+    MapElements ?elA ?elB
+
+rule ConnectionsRule where
+    @when
+    MapElements ?elA1 ?elB1
+    MapElements ?elA2 ?elB2
+    
+    @from
+    Statement ?elA1 areConnected ?elA2
+    
+    @to
+    Statement ?conn instanceOf connection
+    Statement ?conn from ?elB1
+    Statement ?conn to   ?elB2
+
+foo ::  ()
+foo = transformation OneShotForward where
+    MapDiagrams 0 0
+
+main = withGraph do
+    foo
+    "OK"
+--
+OK
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbb1609a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+mapping relation Fib Integer Integer
+
+rule FibRecurrence where
+    @when
+    Fib ?n ?a
+    Fib (?n+1) ?b
+    ?n < 20
+    
+    @where
+    Fib (?n+2) (?a + 1)
+/*
+rule PrintIt where
+    @when
+    Fib ?n ?a
+    
+    @to
+    Execute (print "\(?n) -> \(?a)")
+*/
+main = transformation OneShotForward where
+    Fib 0 1
+    Fib 1 1
+--
+()
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9b995cee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+mapping relation Fib Integer Integer
+
+rule FibRecurrence where
+    @when
+    Fib ?n (?a + ?b)
+    ?n >= 2
+    
+    @where
+    Fib (?n-1) ?b
+    Fib (?n-2) ?a
+
+rule Init where
+    @when
+    Fib ?x 1
+    ?x < 2
+    
+rule Seed where
+    @where
+    Fib 20 ?hmm
+
+rule PrintIt where
+    @when
+    Fib ?n ?a
+    
+    @to
+    Execute (print "\(?n) -> \(?a)")
+
+main = transformation OneShotForward where
+--
+()
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation4.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation4.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a889e1e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation4.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+mapping relation M Integer (Integer,Integer)
+
+rule Mix where
+    @when
+    M ?a (?b, ?c)
+    ?a <= 10
+    
+    @where
+    M (?a + 1) (?c, ?b)
+
+rule PrintIt where
+    @when
+    M ?a (?b,?c)
+    
+    @to
+    Execute (print "\(?a) -> \(?b), \(?c)")
+    
+rule Seed where
+    @where
+    M 0 (1,?x)
+    M 10 (?y,2)
+
+main = transformation OneShotForward where
+--
+()
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation5.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation5.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e041430ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation5.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+Foo ?x :-
+    @enforce 1
+    Execute (?x := (1 :: Integer))
+
+Bar ?x :-
+    @enforce 2
+    Execute (if getRef ?x == 1 then () else fail "Test failed.")
+    
+rule DoIt where
+    @from
+    ?x = ref (0 :: Integer)
+    
+    @to
+    Bar ?x
+    Foo ?x
+
+main :: ()
+main = transformation OneShotForward where
+--
+()
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation6.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation6.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74aed46dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation6.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+mapping relation Foo String String
+    
+rule DoIt where
+    @when
+    Foo ?a ?b
+    
+    @to
+    Foo ?b "c"
+
+main = transformation OneShotForward where
+    Foo "a" "b"
+--
+10:9-10:11: Cannot resolve the variable ?b using the source patterns.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation7.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation7.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cce48f6ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Transformation7.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+Foo ?x :- 
+    @enforce
+    Execute (iterList printString [?x :: String])
+
+    
+rule DoIt where
+    @to
+    Foo "Hello world!"
+
+main = transformation OneShotForward where
+--
+()
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TransformationOrder.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TransformationOrder.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36c08c7b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TransformationOrder.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+rule A where
+    @to
+    Execute (print "A")
+
+rule B where
+    @to
+    Execute (print "B")
+    
+rule C where
+    @to
+    Execute (print "C")
+    
+main = transformation OneShotForward where
+--
+()
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Tuples.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Tuples.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f70e4bea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Tuples.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+id0 () = ()
+
+id0A :: () -> ()
+id0A () = ()
+
+id2 (a,b) = (a,b)
+
+id2A :: (a,b) -> (a,b)
+id2A (a,b) = (a,b)
+
+id3 (a,b,c) = (a,b,c)
+
+id3A :: (a,b,c) -> (a,b,c)
+id3A (a,b,c) = (a,b,c)
+
+main = id3 (1 :: Integer,id0 (),3 :: Integer)
+--
+(1,(),3)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Tuples2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Tuples2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75b478513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Tuples2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// This is just a restricted version of Tuples test
+id0 () = ()
+
+main = id0 ()
+--
+()
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAlias1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAlias1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3aad9bf4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAlias1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+type Id = Integer
+
+incrementId :: Id -> Id
+incrementId x = x
+
+main = incrementId 3
+--
+3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAlias2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAlias2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61925153b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAlias2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+type List a = [a]
+
+convert :: List Integer -> List Double
+convert v = v
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+4:13-4:14: Expected <[Double]> got <[Integer]>.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAlias3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAlias3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b25a8abfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAlias3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+type IntegerList = [Integer]
+type DoubleList = [Double]
+
+convert :: IntegerList -> DoubleList
+convert v = v
+
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+5:13-5:14: Expected <[Double]> got <[Integer]>.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAliasRefsToTypeAlias.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAliasRefsToTypeAlias.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ebb60636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAliasRefsToTypeAlias.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+type Foo = Bar
+type Bar = Integer
+main = 1 :: Foo
+--
+1
+--
+type Bar = Integer
+type Foo = Bar
+main = 1 :: Foo
+--
+1
+--
+type Foo = Foo
+main = 1 :: Foo
+--
+1:1-1:15: Type alias has a self reference.
+--
+type Foo = Bar
+type Bar = Foo
+main = 1 :: Foo
+--
+1:1-1:15: Recursively defined type alias (Foo, Bar).
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAnnotation1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAnnotation1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ba565f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAnnotation1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+id x = x :: Integer
+
+main = id "foo"
+--
+3:11-3:16: Expected  got .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAnnotation2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAnnotation2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab855f8dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeAnnotation2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+id (x :: Integer) = x
+
+main = id "foo"
+--
+3:11-3:16: Expected  got .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClass.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClass.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..540d44e0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClass.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+class Foo a where
+    foo :: a -> Integer
+    
+instance Foo Integer where
+    foo x = x
+    
+main = foo (13 :: Integer)
+--
+13
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClass2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClass2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5bd09350b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClass2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+(+) = Java.iadd
+
+class Foo a where
+    foo :: a -> Integer
+    /*
+class (Foo a) => Bar a where
+    bar :: a -> Integer
+    */
+instance Foo Integer where
+    foo x = x+1
+  /*  
+instance Bar Integer where
+    bar x = x+2
+*/
+data X a = X a
+
+instance (Foo a) => Foo (X a) where
+    foo (X a) = foo a
+    /*
+instance (Bar a) => Bar (X a) where
+    bar (X a) = bar a*/
+    
+main = foo (X (1 :: Integer))
+// + bar (X (2 :: Integer))
+--
+2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClassBug1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClassBug1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ea51bef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClassBug1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+importJava "org.simantics.scl.runtime.Lists" where
+    foldl :: (a -> b -> a) -> a -> [b] -> a
+
+class Additive a where
+    zero :: a
+    (+)  :: a -> a -> a    
+    
+    sum  :: [a] -> a
+    sum = foldl (+) zero    
+    
+instance (Additive a, Additive b, Additive c) => Additive (a, b, c) where
+    zero = (zero, zero, zero)
+    (a0, b0, c0) + (a1, b1, c1) = (a0+a1, b0+b1, c0+c1)
+    
+main = "OK"
+--
+OK
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClassBug2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClassBug2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a341ba6b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeClassBug2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+data Foo1 a = Foo1 a
+data Foo2 a = Foo2 a
+
+foo1 :: Foo1 a -> a
+foo1 (Foo1 x) = x
+
+foo2 :: Foo2 a -> a
+foo2 (Foo2 x) = x
+
+class Makeable s where
+    make :: a -> s a
+
+instance Makeable Foo1 where
+    make = Foo1
+
+instance Makeable Foo2 where
+    make = Foo2
+
+class (Makeable f) => Foo f where
+    foo :: f a -> a
+
+class (Makeable b) => Bar b where
+    bar :: b a -> a
+
+class (Makeable b) => Baz b where
+    baz :: b a -> a
+
+class (Makeable b) => Bim b where
+    bim :: b a -> a
+
+instance Foo Foo1 where
+    foo = foo1
+    
+instance Bar Foo2 where
+    bar = foo2
+    
+instance (Bar b) => Baz b where
+    baz = bar
+
+instance Bim Foo1 where
+    bim = foo1
+
+instance (Baz b) => Bim b where
+    bim = baz
+
+doFoo1 (Foo1 x) = x
+doFoo2 (Foo2 x) = x
+
+useBim :: Bim b => (forall a. b a -> a) -> a -> [a]
+useBim doit x = [doit (make x), bim (make x :: Foo1 a)]
+
+main = "OK"
+--
+"OK"
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeInferenceBug2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeInferenceBug2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fa08a52d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeInferenceBug2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+distance (x1,y1) (x2,y2) = let dx = x1-x2
+                               dy = y1-y2
+                           in sqrt (dx*dx + dy*dy) print x1
+--
+5:31-5:35: Constrain Real ((a ->  ()) -> ((c ->  ()) ->  e ->  f) ->  i) contains free variables not mentioned in the type of the value.
+5:52-5:57: Constrain Show a contains free variables not mentioned in the type of the value.
+5:58-5:60: Unification of types failed.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeOf1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeOf1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..933a29b79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypeOf1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = typeOf (\(a,b) -> a+b :: Double)
+--
+(Double, Double) -> Double
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypingBug1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypingBug1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e69ebf52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypingBug1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+id x = x
+main = id id (5 :: Integer)
+--
+5
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypingError1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypingError1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f39243c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypingError1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+a :: Double
+a = a
+
+id :: Integer -> Integer
+id x = x
+
+b = id a
+--
+7:8-7:9: Expected  got .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypingError2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypingError2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7632ffcef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/TypingError2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+a :: Integer
+a = a
+
+id :: Integer -> Integer
+id x = x
+
+b = id a a
+--
+7:5-7:11: Function of arity 1 is applied with 2 parameters.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnaryMinus.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnaryMinus.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff0e51271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnaryMinus.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = -5
+--
+-5
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UndefinedValue.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UndefinedValue.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02de8b645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UndefinedValue.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+foo :: Integer
+// foo = 0
+
+--
+2:1-2:15: foo is not defined.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnexpectedToken.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnexpectedToken.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..270d5751b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnexpectedToken.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+a = =
+b = 4
+--
+1:5-1:6: Unexpected token '=' (EQUALS). Expected one of ATTACHED_HASH, BEGIN_STRING, BLANK, CHAR, DO, ENFORCE, EQ, ESCAPED_SYMBOL, FLOAT, ID, IF, INTEGER, LAMBDA, LBRACKET, LET, LPAREN, MATCH, MDO, MINUS, SELECT, SELECT_DISTINCT, SELECT_FIRST, TRANSFORMATION, WHEN.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Unification1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Unification1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a174362f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Unification1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+import "StandardLibrary"
+import "Unification"
+
+pair :: Default a => Default b => UTag (a, b) (Unifiable a, Unifiable b)
+pair = uTag 0 (\(ua, ub) -> (extract ua, extract ub)) Java.unsafeCoerce  
+
+/*triple :: Default a => Default b => Default c =>
+    UTag (a, b, c) (Unifiable a, Unifiable b, Unifiable c)*/
+triple = uTag 0 (\(ua, ub, uc) -> (extract ua, extract ub, extract uc)) Java.unsafeCoerce  
+
+main :: (Integer,Integer,Integer)
+main = do
+    um1 = createUMap
+    um2 = createUMap
+    v1 = uVar
+    v2 = uVar
+    v3 = uVar
+    vX = uVar
+    putUMap um1 "a" (uCons triple (v1, v2, v3))
+    putUMap um1 "a" (uCons triple (v2, v3, v1))
+    putUMap um1 "a" (uCons triple (vX, uVar, uVar))
+    putUMap um2 "b" vX
+    putUMapC um2 "b" 12
+
+    getUMap um1 "a"
+--
+(12,12,12)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnknownAnnotation.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnknownAnnotation.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1b5ef8ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnknownAnnotation.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+@sdlfkmsdlfkm
+main = "Not to be executed"
+--
+2:1-2:14: Unknown annotation.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedClass.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedClass.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e1765c4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedClass.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+instance Monoid List where
+    zero = Nil
+    
+--
+4:10-4:16: Couldn't resolve class Monoid.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedTypeInAnnotation.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedTypeInAnnotation.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18e075104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedTypeInAnnotation.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+main :: List Integer
+main = 13
+--
+1:9-1:13: Didn't find type constructor List.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedTypeInInstance.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedTypeInInstance.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b5400cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedTypeInInstance.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+class Functor f where
+    map :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
+
+data Iddd a = Idd a
+
+instance Functor Idd where
+    map (Idd x) = x
+--
+6:18-6:21: Didn't find type constructor Idd.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedVariable.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedVariable.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad28907ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedVariable.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+a = b
+
+--
+1:5-1:6: Couldn't resolve variable b.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedVariable2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedVariable2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32438cda2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/UnresolvedVariable2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+a = a
+b = b
+c = a + b
+
+--
+4:7-4:8: Couldn't resolve variable +.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ValueAsOperator.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ValueAsOperator.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37235370f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ValueAsOperator.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a)
+
+data Foo = Foo
+
+main = Foo `Cons` (Foo `Cons` Nil)
+--
+(Cons Foo (Cons Foo Nil))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ValueConversion.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ValueConversion.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3afda1b32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/ValueConversion.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import "Prelude"
+import "Vector"
+
+main = fromDynamic (toDynamic (vector [3 :: Double])) :: [Double]
+--
+[3.0]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Vector1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Vector1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33b6c86df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Vector1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+a :: Vector Double
+a = vector [1,2,3]
+
+main = map (a !) [0..length a-1]
+--
+[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Vector2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Vector2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43c0c5359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Vector2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import "StandardLibrary"
+
+convertDataset :: [Double] -> [Double] -> Vector (Vector Double)
+convertDataset xs ys = vector [vector xs, vector ys]
+
+main = "Foo"
+--
+Foo
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Void1.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Void1.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40a710fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Void1.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+importJava "java.util.List" where
+    data List a
+    
+    @JavaName add
+    addList :: List a -> a ->  Boolean
+
+importJava "java.util.ArrayList" where
+    @JavaName ""
+    newList :: () ->  (List a)
+
+main = do
+    l = newList ()
+    addList l (3 :: Integer)
+    l
+--
+[3]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Void2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Void2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f953aaf58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Void2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+class Foo a where
+    foo :: a -> () -> a
+    
+instance Foo Integer where
+    foo x () = x
+    
+idWithFoo x = foo x ()    
+    
+main = idWithFoo (13 :: Integer)
+--
+13
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Void3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Void3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0530c8a11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/Void3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import "JavaBuiltin" as Java
+
+data Foo = Foo ()
+
+
+ff = Foo ()
+
+gg () = 3 :: Integer
+
+main = gg (match ff with Foo a -> a)
+--
+3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/While.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/While.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e450439b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/While.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+while :: ( Boolean) -> ( a) ->  ()
+while cond body = loop ()
+  where loop _ = if cond
+                 then do body ; loop ()
+                 else ()
+
+main = "FOO"
+--
+FOO
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/While2.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/While2.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6567c22ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/While2.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import "Prelude" hiding (while)
+
+while :: Maybe Boolean -> Maybe a -> Maybe ()
+while condM bodyM = mdo
+    cond <- condM
+    if cond 
+    then bodyM >> while condM bodyM
+    else return ()
+
+main = "FOO"
+--
+FOO
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/While3.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/While3.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..052076958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/While3.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import "Prelude"
+
+main = do
+    a = ref 1
+    b = ref 0
+    while (getRef a < 5) do
+        b := getRef b + 1
+        a := getRef a + 1
+    getRef b             
+--
+4
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/WrongDefaultMethod.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/WrongDefaultMethod.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d94046b4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/WrongDefaultMethod.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+class Foo a where
+    foo :: a
+    bar = foo
+    
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+4:5-4:14: Method bar is not defined in this class.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/WrongInstanceMethod.scl b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/WrongInstanceMethod.scl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2cdc4e86b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scl/WrongInstanceMethod.scl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+class Foo a where
+    foo :: a
+    
+instance Foo Integer where
+    foo = foo
+    bar = foo
+    
+main = "Not to be executed."
+--
+7:5-7:14: Method bar is not defined in the type class Foo.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Arithmetic.sts b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Arithmetic.sts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8f7dce07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Arithmetic.sts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+> 1+1
+2
+> 1-1
+0
+> 1+1.0
+2.0
+> 2*5
+10
+> 4/3
+1.3333333333333333
+> 4 `div` 3
+1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Functions.sts b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Functions.sts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76348b876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Functions.sts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+> id x = x
+> id 2
+2
+> id "Hello!"
+"Hello!"
+
+> id = \x -> x
+> id 2
+2
+
+> fib 0 = 1
+> fib 1 = 1
+> fib n = fib (n-1) + fib (n-2)
+
+> fib 2
+2
+> fib 3
+3
+> fib 4
+5
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Functions2.sts b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Functions2.sts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9879931b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Functions2.sts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+> f x = x + 1
+> f 3
+4
+> f 4.5
+5.5
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Lists.sts b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Lists.sts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..024db2467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/scripts/Lists.sts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+> [1,2,3]
+[1, 2, 3]
+
+> [5..9]
+[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/unit/TestNamespaceFilter.java b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/unit/TestNamespaceFilter.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa3bd9f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/unit/TestNamespaceFilter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests.unit;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.filter.AcceptAllNamespaceFilter;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.filter.NamespaceFilter;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.filter.NamespaceFilters;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.filter.NegativeNamespaceFilter;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.filter.PositiveNamespaceFilter;
+
+import gnu.trove.set.hash.THashSet;
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+
+public class TestNamespaceFilter {
+    
+    private void testBooleanOperations(Collection all, NamespaceFilter a, NamespaceFilter b) {
+        {
+            NamespaceFilter c = NamespaceFilters.union(a, b);
+            //System.out.println("union(" + a + ", " + b + ") = " + c);
+            for(String name : all)
+                Assert.assertEquals(
+                        a.isValueIncluded(name) || b.isValueIncluded(name),
+                        c.isValueIncluded(name));
+        }
+        {
+            NamespaceFilter c = NamespaceFilters.intersection(a, b);
+            //System.out.println("intersection(" + a + ", " + b + ") = " + c);
+            for(String name : all)
+                Assert.assertEquals(
+                        a.isValueIncluded(name) && b.isValueIncluded(name),
+                        c.isValueIncluded(name));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void testBooleanOperations(THashSet a, THashSet b) {
+        THashSet all = new THashSet();
+        all.addAll(a);
+        all.addAll(b);
+        all.add("dummy");
+        
+        PositiveNamespaceFilter pa = new PositiveNamespaceFilter(a);
+        NegativeNamespaceFilter na = new NegativeNamespaceFilter(a);
+        PositiveNamespaceFilter pb = new PositiveNamespaceFilter(b);
+        NegativeNamespaceFilter nb = new NegativeNamespaceFilter(b);
+        testBooleanOperations(all, pa, pb);
+        testBooleanOperations(all, na, pb);
+        testBooleanOperations(all, pa, nb);
+        testBooleanOperations(all, na, nb);
+    }
+    
+    private void testBooleanOperations(THashSet a) {
+        THashSet all = new THashSet();
+        all.addAll(a);
+        all.add("dummy");
+        
+        PositiveNamespaceFilter pa = new PositiveNamespaceFilter(a);
+        NegativeNamespaceFilter na = new NegativeNamespaceFilter(a);
+        testBooleanOperations(all, pa, AcceptAllNamespaceFilter.INSTANCE);
+        testBooleanOperations(all, na, AcceptAllNamespaceFilter.INSTANCE);
+        testBooleanOperations(all, AcceptAllNamespaceFilter.INSTANCE, pa);
+        testBooleanOperations(all, AcceptAllNamespaceFilter.INSTANCE, na);
+        testBooleanOperations(all, AcceptAllNamespaceFilter.INSTANCE, AcceptAllNamespaceFilter.INSTANCE);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testBooleanOperations() {
+        for(int p=0;p<8;++p) {
+            THashSet a = new THashSet();
+            for(int i=0;i<3;++i)
+                if(((p >> i) & 1) == 1)
+                    a.add(String.valueOf(i));
+            testBooleanOperations(a);
+        }
+        
+        for(int p=0;p<64;++p) {
+            THashSet a = new THashSet();
+            THashSet b = new THashSet();
+            for(int i=0;i<3;++i) {
+                if(((p >> i) & 1) == 1)
+                    a.add(String.valueOf(i));
+                if(((p >> (i+3)) & 1) == 1)
+                    b.add(String.valueOf(i));
+            }
+            testBooleanOperations(a, b);
+        }
+    }
+    
+}
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/unit/TestSubSolver.java b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/unit/TestSubSolver.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87b9eeb4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/unit/TestSubSolver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests.unit;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.errors.ErrorLog;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.internal.elaboration.subsumption.SubSolver;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.internal.elaboration.subsumption.Subsumption;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.types.TMetaVar;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.types.Type;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.types.Types;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.types.kinds.Kinds;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.types.util.Polarity;
+
+
+public class TestSubSolver {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBipolarBounded() {
+        ErrorLog errorLog = new ErrorLog();
+        ArrayList subsumptions = new ArrayList();
+        ArrayList potentialSingletonEffects = new ArrayList();
+        
+        TMetaVar in = Types.metaVar(Kinds.EFFECT);
+        TMetaVar out = Types.metaVar(Kinds.EFFECT);
+        in.addPolarity(Polarity.NEGATIVE);
+        out.addPolarity(Polarity.POSITIVE);
+        subsumptions.add(new Subsumption(0, Types.READ_GRAPH, out));
+        subsumptions.add(new Subsumption(0, in, out));
+        
+        SubSolver solver = new SubSolver(errorLog, subsumptions, potentialSingletonEffects, 0);
+        solver.solve();
+        Assert.assertEquals("", errorLog.getErrorsAsString());
+    }
+    
+}
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/unit/TestTypeParser.java b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/unit/TestTypeParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ce369042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/compiler/tests/unit/TestTypeParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests.unit;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.Environment;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.Environments;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.environment.specification.EnvironmentSpecification;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.runtime.RuntimeEnvironment;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests.TestBase;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.types.Type;
+
+public class TestTypeParser {
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testTypeParser() throws Exception {
+        EnvironmentSpecification spec = new EnvironmentSpecification();
+        spec.importModule("Builtin", "");
+        spec.importModule("Prelude", "");
+        RuntimeEnvironment runtimeEnvironment =
+                TestBase.PRELUDE_MODULE_REPOSITORY.createRuntimeEnvironment(spec, getClass().getClassLoader());
+        Environment environment = runtimeEnvironment.getEnvironment();
+        Type type = Environments.getType(environment, "String ->  ()");
+        System.out.println(type);
+    }
+    
+}
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/.classpath b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/.classpath
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b862a296d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/.classpath
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+
+	
+	
+	
+	
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/.project b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/.project
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9af653fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/.project
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+
+	org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests
+	
+	
+	
+	
+		
+			org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder
+			
+			
+		
+		
+			org.eclipse.pde.ManifestBuilder
+			
+			
+		
+		
+			org.eclipse.pde.SchemaBuilder
+			
+			
+		
+	
+	
+		org.eclipse.pde.PluginNature
+		org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature
+	
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..295926d96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+eclipse.preferences.version=1
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.inlineJsrBytecode=enabled
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.targetPlatform=1.8
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.compliance=1.8
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.problem.assertIdentifier=error
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.problem.enumIdentifier=error
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.source=1.8
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da7e1c6fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Manifest-Version: 1.0
+Bundle-ManifestVersion: 2
+Bundle-Name: Tests
+Bundle-SymbolicName: org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests
+Bundle-Version: 1.0.0.qualifier
+Bundle-RequiredExecutionEnvironment: JavaSE-1.8
+Require-Bundle: org.junit;bundle-version="4.12.0",
+ org.simantics.scl.compiler;bundle-version="0.5.0",
+ org.simantics.scl.osgi;bundle-version="1.0.4",
+ gnu.trove3,
+ org.objectweb.asm.util,
+ org.eclipse.equinox.ds;bundle-version="1.4.300",
+ org.simantics;bundle-version="1.0.0",
+ org.simantics.acorn;bundle-version="1.1.2",
+ org.simantics.workbench;bundle-version="1.5.1",
+ org.simantics.application
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/build.properties b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/build.properties
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41eb6ade2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/build.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+source.. = src/
+output.. = bin/
+bin.includes = META-INF/,\
+               .
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/pom.xml b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f22ff3334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+
+
+    4.0.0
+    org.simantics
+    org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests
+    1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
+    eclipse-test-plugin
+
+    
+        org.simantics
+        org.simantics.root.tests
+        1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
+    
+
+    
+        
+            
+                org.eclipse.tycho
+                target-platform-configuration
+                
+                    
+                        
+                            
+                                eclipse-feature
+                                org.simantics.sdk
+                                0.0.0
+                            
+                        
+                    
+                
+            
+            
+                org.eclipse.tycho
+                tycho-surefire-plugin
+                ${tycho.version}
+                
+                
+            
+        
+    
+
diff --git a/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/osgi/tests/TestSCLOsgi.java b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/osgi/tests/TestSCLOsgi.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35a74c4f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests/src/org/simantics/scl/osgi/tests/TestSCLOsgi.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.eclipse.core.runtime.IProgressMonitor;
+import org.eclipse.core.runtime.NullProgressMonitor;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.simantics.PlatformException;
+import org.simantics.Simantics;
+import org.simantics.application.arguments.Arguments;
+import org.simantics.application.arguments.IArgumentFactory;
+import org.simantics.application.arguments.IArguments;
+import org.simantics.application.arguments.SimanticsArguments;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.errors.DoesNotExist;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.errors.Failable;
+import org.simantics.scl.compiler.module.Module;
+import org.simantics.scl.osgi.SCLOsgi;
+
+import gnu.trove.procedure.TObjectProcedure;
+
+
+public class TestSCLOsgi {
+    private static IProgressMonitor progress = new NullProgressMonitor();
+    
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setupDatabase() throws PlatformException {
+        String[] args = new String[0];
+        IArgumentFactory[] accepted = {
+                SimanticsArguments.RECOVERY_POLICY_FIX_ERRORS,
+                SimanticsArguments.ONTOLOGY_RECOVERY_POLICY_REINSTALL,
+                SimanticsArguments.SERVER,
+                SimanticsArguments.LOCAL_SERVER_PORT,
+        };
+        IArguments arguments = Arguments.parse(args, accepted);
+        Simantics.startUpHeadless(arguments, progress);
+    }
+    
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void teardownDatabase() throws PlatformException {
+        Simantics.shutdown(progress);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDataJsonExists() {
+        ArrayList modulesWithErrors = new ArrayList(); 
+        SCLOsgi.SOURCE_REPOSITORY.forAllModules(new TObjectProcedure() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean execute(String moduleName) {
+                System.out.print(moduleName);
+                System.out.print(" - ");
+                Failable module = SCLOsgi.MODULE_REPOSITORY.getModule(moduleName);
+                if(module.didSucceed())
+                    System.out.println("succeeded");
+                else if(module == DoesNotExist.INSTANCE)
+                    System.out.println("does not exist"); // should not happen
+                else {
+                    System.out.println("error");
+                    modulesWithErrors.add(moduleName);
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        });
+        if(!modulesWithErrors.isEmpty()) {
+            StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
+            b.append("Some SCL modules failed to compile:");
+            for(String module : modulesWithErrors)
+                b.append(' ').append(module);
+            Assert.fail(b.toString());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/pom.xml b/tests/pom.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20d4c4832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/pom.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+
+
+    4.0.0
+    org.simantics
+    org.simantics.root.tests
+    1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
+    pom
+
+    
+        org.simantics
+        org.simantics.root
+        1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
+    
+
+    
+        
+            
+                org.eclipse.tycho
+                tycho-compiler-plugin
+                ${tycho.version}
+                
+                    -err:-forbidden
+                
+            
+        
+    
+
+    
+        org.simantics.scl.compiler.tests
+        org.simantics.scl.osgi.tests
+    
+