package org.simantics.db.layer0.function;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

import org.simantics.databoard.Bindings;
import org.simantics.databoard.accessor.reference.ChildReference;
import org.simantics.databoard.accessor.reference.IndexReference;
import org.simantics.databoard.adapter.AdaptException;
import org.simantics.databoard.binding.Binding;
import org.simantics.databoard.binding.error.BindingConstructionException;
import org.simantics.databoard.binding.error.BindingException;
import org.simantics.databoard.binding.mutable.Variant;
import org.simantics.databoard.type.ArrayType;
import org.simantics.databoard.type.Datatype;
import org.simantics.databoard.type.NumberType;
import org.simantics.databoard.util.Range;
import org.simantics.db.Issue;
import org.simantics.db.ReadGraph;
import org.simantics.db.Resource;
import org.simantics.db.Statement;
import org.simantics.db.WriteGraph;
import org.simantics.db.common.issue.StandardIssue;
import org.simantics.db.common.primitiverequest.PossibleRelatedValueImplied2;
import org.simantics.db.common.primitiverequest.PossibleResource;
import org.simantics.db.common.procedure.adapter.TransientCacheAsyncListener;
import org.simantics.db.common.procedure.adapter.TransientCacheListener;
import org.simantics.db.common.request.IsEnumeratedValue;
import org.simantics.db.common.uri.UnescapedChildMapOfResource;
import org.simantics.db.common.utils.CommonDBUtils;
import org.simantics.db.common.utils.Functions;
import org.simantics.db.common.utils.ListUtils;
import org.simantics.db.common.utils.Logger;
import org.simantics.db.common.utils.NameUtils;
import org.simantics.db.common.utils.NearestOwnerFinder;
import org.simantics.db.common.validation.L0Validations;
import org.simantics.db.exception.AdaptionException;
import org.simantics.db.exception.DatabaseException;
import org.simantics.db.exception.DoesNotContainValueException;
import org.simantics.db.exception.NoSingleResultException;
import org.simantics.db.exception.RuntimeDatabaseException;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.exception.InvalidVariableException;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.exception.MissingVariableException;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.exception.MissingVariableValueException;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.exception.PendingVariableException;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.request.PossibleURI;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.request.PropertyInfo;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.request.PropertyInfoRequest;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.request.UnescapedAssertedPropertyMapOfResource;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.request.UnescapedMethodMapOfResource;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.request.UnescapedPropertyMapOfResource;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.scl.CompileResourceValueRequest;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.scl.CompileValueRequest;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.util.Layer0Utils;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.util.PrimitiveValueParser;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.AbstractVariable;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.ChildVariableMapRequest;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.ExternalSetValue;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.PropertyVariableMapRequest;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.StandardAssertedGraphPropertyVariable;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.StandardComposedProperty;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.StandardGraphChildVariable;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.StandardGraphPropertyVariable;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.SubliteralPropertyVariable;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.SubliteralPropertyVariableDeprecated;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.ValueAccessor;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.Variable;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.VariableBuilder;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.VariableMap;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.VariableMapImpl;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.VariableNode;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.VariableNodeReadRunnable;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.VariableUtils;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.Variables;
import org.simantics.db.layer0.variable.Variables.NodeStructure;
import org.simantics.db.service.ClusteringSupport;
import org.simantics.db.service.UndoRedoSupport;
import org.simantics.issues.ontology.IssueResource;
import org.simantics.layer0.Layer0;
import org.simantics.scl.reflection.annotations.SCLValue;
import org.simantics.scl.runtime.SCLContext;
import org.simantics.scl.runtime.function.Function4;
import org.simantics.scl.runtime.function.FunctionImpl1;
import org.simantics.scl.runtime.function.FunctionImpl2;
import org.simantics.simulator.variable.exceptions.NodeManagerException;
import org.simantics.utils.Development;
import org.simantics.utils.datastructures.Pair;
import org.simantics.utils.strings.StringInputValidator;

import gnu.trove.map.hash.THashMap;
import gnu.trove.set.hash.THashSet;

public class All {

	public static Object standardGetValue1(ReadGraph graph, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {

		StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable = (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)context;

        // First from node
        if(variable.node != null) {
            Variant value = Variables.requestNodeValue(graph, variable.node);
            if(Variables.PENDING_NODE_VALUE == value) throw new PendingVariableException("");
            return value.getValue();
        }
		
		try {

            if(variable.property.hasEnumerationRange) {
    			Resource object = variable.getRepresents(graph);
				if(graph.sync(new IsEnumeratedValue(object))) {
		            Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
					if(graph.isInstanceOf(object, L0.Literal)) {
						return graph.getValue(object);
					} else {
						String label = graph.getPossibleRelatedValue2(variable.getRepresents(graph), L0.HasLabel, Bindings.STRING);
						if(label == null) label = graph.getPossibleRelatedValue(variable.getRepresents(graph), L0.HasName, Bindings.STRING);
						if(label == null) label = "<no label>";
						return label;
					}
				}
            }
			
            if (variable.isAsserted()) {
				if (variable.parentResource != null) {
					Map<String, Pair<PropertyInfo, Resource>> assertions = graph.syncRequest(
							new UnescapedAssertedPropertyMapOfResource(variable.parentResource),
							TransientCacheAsyncListener.instance());

					// NOTE: This optimization assumes the property
					// variable's representation is the asserted object.
					Resource object = variable.getPossibleRepresents(graph);
					if (object != null) {
						return graph.getValue2(object, variable);
					} else {
						for (Pair<PropertyInfo, Resource> assertion : assertions.values()) {
							if (assertion.first.predicate.equals(variable.property.predicate)) {
								return graph.getValue2(assertion.second, variable);
							}
						}
					}
				}
            }
                
			return graph.getValue2(variable.getRepresents(graph), variable);
			
		} catch (NoSingleResultException e) {
			throw new MissingVariableValueException(variable.getPossibleURI(graph), e);
		} catch (DoesNotContainValueException e) {
			throw new MissingVariableValueException(variable.getPossibleURI(graph), e);
		} catch (DatabaseException e) {
			throw new MissingVariableValueException(variable.getPossibleURI(graph), e);
		}

	}
	
	public static Object standardGetValue2(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Binding binding) throws DatabaseException {		
		StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable = (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)context;

        // First from node
        if(variable.node != null) {
            try {
                Variant value = Variables.requestNodeValue(graph, variable.node, binding);
                if(Variables.PENDING_NODE_VALUE == value) throw new PendingVariableException("");
                if(value == null) throw new MissingVariableValueException(variable.getPossibleURI(graph));
                return value.getValue(binding);
            } catch (AdaptException e) {
                throw new AdaptionException("Could not get value for " + context.getURI(graph), e);
            }
        }
		
    	try {
			
    		if(variable.property.hasEnumerationRange) {
            	Resource object = variable.getRepresents(graph);
            	if(graph.sync(new IsEnumeratedValue(object))) {
                	Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
            		if(graph.isInstanceOf(object, L0.Literal)) {
            			return graph.getValue(object, binding);
            		} else {
            			return graph.getRelatedValue2(variable.getRepresents(graph), L0.HasLabel, binding);
            		}
            	}
            }
			
    		if (variable.isAsserted()) {
    			if (variable.parentResource != null) {
					Map<String, Pair<PropertyInfo, Resource>> assertions = graph.syncRequest(
							new UnescapedAssertedPropertyMapOfResource(variable.parentResource),
							TransientCacheAsyncListener.instance());

					// NOTE: This optimization assumes the property
					// variable's representation is the asserted object.
					Resource object = variable.getPossibleRepresents(graph);
					if (object != null) {
						return graph.getValue2(object, variable, binding);
					} else {
						for (Pair<PropertyInfo, Resource> assertion : assertions.values()) {
							if (assertion.first.predicate.equals(variable.property.predicate)) {
								return graph.getValue2(assertion.second, variable, binding);
							}
						}
					}
    			}
    		}
			
			return graph.getValue2(variable.getRepresents(graph), context, binding);
			
		} catch (NoSingleResultException e) {
			throw new MissingVariableValueException(variable.getPossibleURI(graph));
		} catch (DoesNotContainValueException e) {
			throw new MissingVariableValueException(variable.getPossibleURI(graph));
		} catch (DatabaseException e) {
			throw new MissingVariableValueException(variable.getPossibleURI(graph), e);
		}

	}

	public static void standardSetValue2(WriteGraph graph, Variable context, final Object value) throws DatabaseException {
		
	    if(context instanceof StandardGraphPropertyVariable) {

	        final StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable = (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)context; 
	        
	        // First from node
            if(variable.node != null) {

                final Binding binding = Layer0Utils.getDefaultBinding(graph, variable);

                final AtomicReference<Object> oldValueRef = new AtomicReference<Object>();
                try {
                    variable.node.support.manager.getRealm().syncExec(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            try {
                                oldValueRef.set(getNodeValue(variable, binding));
                                setNodeValue(variable, value, binding);
                            } catch (NodeManagerException e) {
                                throw new RuntimeException(e);
                            } catch (BindingException e) {
	                            throw new RuntimeException(e);
	                        }
                        }
                    });
                } catch(RuntimeException e) {
                    if(e.getCause() instanceof NodeManagerException || e.getCause() instanceof BindingException)
                        throw new DatabaseException(e.getCause());
                    else
                        throw e;
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new DatabaseException(e);
                }

                ExternalSetValue ext = new ExternalSetValue(variable.node.support.manager, variable.node.node,
                        oldValueRef.get(), value, binding);
                graph.getService(UndoRedoSupport.class).addExternalOperation(graph, ext);

                return;
            }
	        
	    }
	    
		Function4<WriteGraph, Variable, Object, Object, String> modifier = context.getPossiblePropertyValue(graph, Variables.INPUT_MODIFIER);
		if(modifier == null) modifier = VariableUtils.defaultInputModifier; 
		try {
			modifier.apply(graph, context, value, Bindings.getBinding(value.getClass()));
		} catch (BindingConstructionException e) {
			throw new org.simantics.db.exception.BindingException("",e);
		}

	}

	public static void standardSetValue3(final WriteGraph graph, Variable context, final Object value, final Binding binding) throws DatabaseException {

        // First from node
        if(context instanceof StandardGraphPropertyVariable) {

            final StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable = (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)context; 
            
            // First from node
            if(variable.node != null) {
                
                try {
                    
                    variable.node.support.manager.getRealm().syncExec(new Runnable() {

                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            try {
                                Object oldValue = getNodeValue(variable, binding);
                                setNodeValue(variable, value, binding);
                                ExternalSetValue ext = new ExternalSetValue(variable.node.support.manager, variable.node.node, oldValue, value, binding);
                                graph.getService(UndoRedoSupport.class).addExternalOperation(graph, ext);
                            } catch (NodeManagerException | BindingException e) {
                                Logger.defaultLogError(e);
                            }
                        }

                        
                    });
                    
                    return;
                    
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new DatabaseException(e);
                }
                
            }
            
        }
	    
		Function4<WriteGraph, Variable, Object, Object, String> modifier = context.getPossiblePropertyValue(graph, Variables.INPUT_MODIFIER);
		if(modifier == null) modifier = VariableUtils.defaultInputModifier; 
		modifier.apply(graph, context, value, binding);

	}

	public static Datatype getDatatypeFromValue(ReadGraph graph, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {
		if (context instanceof AbstractVariable) {
			Binding defaultBinding = ((AbstractVariable)context).getPossibleDefaultBinding(graph);
			if (defaultBinding != null)
				return defaultBinding.type();
		}
			
    	Variant value = context.getVariantValue(graph);
    	if (value.getBinding() == null)
    		throw new DatabaseException("No value binding for " + context.getURI(graph));
    	
    	return value.getBinding().type();
	}

    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    private static class DatatypeGetter implements VariableNodeReadRunnable {
        final VariableNode node;
        Datatype type;
        Exception exception;

        public DatatypeGetter(VariableNode node) {
            this.node = node;
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                type = node.support.manager.getDatatype(node.node);
            } catch (NodeManagerException e) {
                exception = e;
            }
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "DatatypeGetter(" + node.node + ")";
        }
    }

    public static Datatype standardGetDatatype(ReadGraph graph, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {
    	if (context instanceof AbstractVariable) {
    		final AbstractVariable variable = (AbstractVariable)context;
    		if (variable.node != null) {
    			try {
    				DatatypeGetter request = new DatatypeGetter(variable.node);
    				
					variable.node.support.manager.getRealm().syncExec(request);
					
					if (request.exception != null)
						throw new DatabaseException(request.exception);
					
					return request.type;
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				}
    		}
    	}
    	
    	return getDatatypeFromValue(graph, context);
	}

//	@SCLValue(type = "ValueAccessor")
//	public static ValueAccessor standardValueAccessor = new ValueAccessor() {
//
//		@Override
//		public Object getValue(ReadGraph graph, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {
//			return standardGetValue(graph, (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)context);
//		}
//
//		@Override
//		public Object getValue(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Binding binding) throws DatabaseException {
//			return standardGetValue(graph, context, binding);
//		}
//
//		@Override
//		public void setValue(WriteGraph graph, Variable context, Object value) throws DatabaseException {
//			standardSetValue(graph, context, value);
//		}
//
//		@Override
//		public void setValue(WriteGraph graph, Variable context, Object value, Binding binding) throws DatabaseException {
//			standardSetValue(graph, context, value, binding);
//		}
//
//		@Override
//		public Datatype getDatatype(ReadGraph graph, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {
//			return standardGetDatatype(graph, context);
//		}
//		
//	};
	
	@SCLValue(type = "ValueAccessor")
	public static ValueAccessor standardValueAccessor = new ValueAccessor() {

		@Override
		public Object getValue(ReadGraph graph, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {
			ValueAccessor accessor = getPossibleValueValueAccessor(graph, context);
			if(accessor != null) return accessor.getValue(graph, context);
			else 
				return standardGetValue1(graph, context);
		}

		@Override
		public Object getValue(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Binding binding) throws DatabaseException {
			ValueAccessor accessor = getPossibleValueValueAccessor(graph, context);
			if(accessor != null) return accessor.getValue(graph, context, binding);
			else 
				return standardGetValue2(graph, context, binding);
		}

		@Override
		public void setValue(WriteGraph graph, Variable context, Object value) throws DatabaseException {
			ValueAccessor accessor = getPossibleValueValueAccessor(graph, context);
			if(accessor != null) accessor.setValue(graph, context, value);
			else 
				standardSetValue2(graph, context, value);
		}

		@Override
		public void setValue(WriteGraph graph, Variable context, Object value, Binding binding) throws DatabaseException {
			ValueAccessor accessor = getPossibleValueValueAccessor(graph, context);
			if(accessor != null) accessor.setValue(graph, context, value, binding);
			else 
				standardSetValue3(graph, context, value, binding);
		}

		@Override
		public Datatype getDatatype(ReadGraph graph, Variable context)
				throws DatabaseException {
			ValueAccessor accessor = getPossibleValueValueAccessor(graph, context);
			if(accessor != null) return accessor.getDatatype(graph, context);
			else 
				return standardGetDatatype(graph, context);
		}
		
	};

	public static Variable getStandardChildDomainPropertyVariable(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, String name) throws DatabaseException {
        StandardGraphChildVariable variable = (StandardGraphChildVariable)context;
        PropertyInfo graphProperty = getPossiblePropertyInfoFromContext(graph, variable, variable.resource, name);
        return getStandardChildDomainPropertyVariable(graph, context, graphProperty, name);
    }

    public static Resource getPossiblePropertyResource(ReadGraph graph, AbstractVariable parent, Object node) throws DatabaseException {
        if(parent != null && parent.node != null && parent.node.node != null && parent.node.support != null) {
            String propertyURI = getPossiblePropertyURI(parent, node);
            if(propertyURI != null)
                return graph.getPossibleResource(propertyURI);
        }
        return null;
    }

	public static Variable getStandardChildDomainPropertyVariable(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, PropertyInfo graphProperty, String name) throws DatabaseException {
        StandardGraphChildVariable variable = (StandardGraphChildVariable)context;
        Object propertyNode = getPossibleNodeProperty(graph, variable, name, true);
        if(graphProperty != null && graphProperty.builder != null)
            return buildPropertyVariable(graph, variable, variable.resource, graphProperty, propertyNode);
        if(propertyNode != null) {
            // Fallback: try to ask property resource uri from NodeManager
            return createStandardGraphPropertyVariable(graph, variable, propertyNode);
        }
        // Final fallback: check types corresponding to
        // node classification(s) and look for asserted
        // properties from the URIs specified.
        if (variable.node != null) {
            try {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                Set<String> classifications = variable.node.support.manager.getClassifications(variable.node.node);
                if (!classifications.isEmpty()) {
                    for (String uri : classifications) {
                        Resource type = graph.syncRequest(
                                new PossibleResource(uri),
                                TransientCacheAsyncListener.instance());
                        if (type == null)
                            continue;
                        Map<String, Pair<PropertyInfo, Resource>> pm = graph.syncRequest(
                                new UnescapedAssertedPropertyMapOfResource(type),
                                TransientCacheAsyncListener.instance());
                        Pair<PropertyInfo, Resource> pi = pm.get(name);
                        if (pi != null) {
                            return new StandardAssertedGraphPropertyVariable(graph, context, null, type, pi.first.predicate, pi.second);
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch(NodeManagerException e) {
                throw new DatabaseException(e);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static Map<String, Variable> getStandardChildDomainPropertyVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
    	// Get properties with null identification
        return getStandardChildDomainPropertyVariables(graph, context, null, map);
    }

    public static Map<String, Variable> getStandardChildDomainPropertyVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, String classification, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
    	
        StandardGraphChildVariable variable = (StandardGraphChildVariable)context;
        
        Collection<Object> nodeProperties = getPossibleNodeProperties(graph, variable);
        if(!nodeProperties.isEmpty()) {

            // Get variables for properties read from the graph
            Map<String,PropertyInfo> graphProperties = collectPropertyInfosFromContext(graph, variable, variable.resource);
            
            Set<String> used = new THashSet<String>(nodeProperties.size());
            
            map = ensureVariableMap(map, graphProperties.size() + nodeProperties.size());
            
            // Process NodeManager property nodes
            for(Object nodeProperty : nodeProperties) {
            	String name = getNodeName(variable, nodeProperty);
                used.add(name);
                
                PropertyInfo graphProperty = graphProperties.get(name); 
                if(graphProperty != null && graphProperty.builder != null) {
                    if (classification != null && !graphProperty.hasClassification(classification)) continue;
                    
                    // Combine with identically named graph property
                    map.put(name, buildPropertyVariable(graph, variable, variable.resource, graphProperty, nodeProperty));
                    continue;
                }
                
                map.put(name, createStandardGraphPropertyVariable(graph, variable, nodeProperty));
            }
            
            // Process graph properties
            for(PropertyInfo info : graphProperties.values()) {
                String name = info.name;
                if(used != null && used.contains(name)) continue;
                if (classification != null && !info.hasClassification(classification)) continue;
                if (info.builder != null) {
                    map.put(name, buildPropertyVariable(graph, variable, variable.resource, info, null));
                }
            }
            return map;
        	
        } else {

        	if(variable.resource == null) return map;

        	// Only graph properties
        	Collection<Resource> predicates = graph.getPredicates(variable.resource);
        	if(predicates.isEmpty()) return map;
        	
        	map = ensureVariableMap(map, predicates.size());
        	
            // Process graph properties
            for(Resource predicate : predicates) {
            	
    			PropertyInfo info = graph.isImmutable(predicate) ?
    					graph.syncRequest(new PropertyInfoRequest(predicate), TransientCacheAsyncListener.<PropertyInfo>instance()) :
    						graph.syncRequest(new PropertyInfoRequest(predicate));

    			if(!info.isHasProperty) continue;
    					
                if (classification != null && !info.hasClassification(classification)) continue;
                if (info.builder != null) {
                    map.put(info.name, buildPropertyVariable(graph, variable, variable.resource, info, null));
                }
                
            }
            
            return map;
        	
        }
        
     }
	
    @SCLValue(type = "VariableMap")
	public static VariableMap standardChildDomainProperties = new VariableMapImpl() {
    	
		@Override
		public Variable getVariable(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, String name) throws DatabaseException {
        	return getStandardChildDomainPropertyVariable(graph, context, name);
		}

		@Override
		public Map<String, Variable> getVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
		    return getStandardChildDomainPropertyVariables(graph, context, map);
		}
		
	};
	
    @SCLValue(type = "VariableMap")
	public static VariableMap methodsPropertyDomainProperties = new VariableMapImpl() {
    	
		@Override
		public Variable getVariable(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, String name) throws DatabaseException {
			Variable parent = context.getParent(graph);
			Resource container = parent.getPossibleRepresents(graph);
			if(container == null)
				return null;
			Map<String,Resource> methods = graph.syncRequest(new UnescapedMethodMapOfResource(container));
			Resource predicate = methods.get(name);
			if(predicate != null) {
				Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
				PropertyInfo info = graph.syncRequest(new PropertyInfoRequest(L0.Entity_method));
				Resource value = graph.getSingleObject(container, predicate);
				return new StandardGraphPropertyVariable(context, null, container, info, value);
			}
			return null;
		}

		@Override
		public Map<String, Variable> getVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
			Variable parent = context.getParent(graph);
			Resource container = parent.getPossibleRepresents(graph);
			if(container == null)
				return Collections.emptyMap();
			Map<String,Resource> methods = graph.syncRequest(new UnescapedMethodMapOfResource(container));
			for(Map.Entry<String, Resource> entry : methods.entrySet()) {
				String name = entry.getKey();
				Resource predicate = entry.getValue();
				Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
				PropertyInfo info = graph.syncRequest(new PropertyInfoRequest(L0.Entity_method));
				Resource value = graph.getSingleObject(container, predicate);
				if(map == null) map = new HashMap<>();
				map.put(name, new StandardGraphPropertyVariable(context, null, container, info, value));
			}
			return map;
		}
		
	};

	public static Variable getStandardPropertyDomainPropertyVariableFromValue(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, String name) throws DatabaseException {

		if(context instanceof StandardGraphPropertyVariable) {
        	StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable = (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)context;
        	Resource literal = variable.getPossibleRepresents(graph);
    		Object propertyNode = getPossibleNodeProperty(graph, variable, name, false);

        	if(literal != null) {
        		Variable result = getPossiblePropertyFromContext(graph, variable, literal, name, propertyNode);
        		if(result != null) return result;
        	}
        	
    		Variable result = getPossibleSubliteralPropertyFromContext(graph, variable, name);
    		if(result != null) return result;
    		result = getPossiblePropertyFromContext(graph, variable, variable.property.predicate, name, propertyNode);
    		if (result != null) return result;
    		
    		// Get possible property from NodeManager
    		if (propertyNode != null)
    			return createStandardGraphPropertyVariable(graph, variable, propertyNode);
    		return null;
		} else if (context instanceof StandardGraphChildVariable) {
			return standardChildDomainProperties.getVariable(graph, context, name);
		} else {
			throw new DatabaseException("Unknown variable implementation " + context.getClass().getCanonicalName());
		}			
		
	}
	
	public static Map<String, Variable> getStandardPropertyDomainPropertyVariablesFromValue(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {

		if(context instanceof StandardGraphPropertyVariable) {
			StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable = (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)context;
			map = collectPropertiesFromContext(graph, variable, variable.property.predicate, map);
			if (variable.parentResource != null) {
				Resource literal = graph.getPossibleObject(variable.parentResource, variable.property.predicate);
				if(literal != null) map=collectPropertiesFromContext(graph, variable, literal, map);
				map=collectSubliteralProperties(graph, variable, map);
			}

			// Get properties from VariableNode
			map = getStandardNodePropertyVariables(graph, context, map);
			return map;
		} else if (context instanceof StandardGraphChildVariable) {
			return standardChildDomainProperties.getVariables(graph, context, map);
		} else {
			throw new DatabaseException("Unknown variable implementation " + context.getClass().getCanonicalName());
		}
		
	}
	
	public static Map<String, Variable> getStandardPropertyDomainPropertyVariablesFromValue(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, String classification, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {

		if(context instanceof StandardGraphPropertyVariable) {
			StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable = (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)context;
			map = collectPropertiesFromContext(graph, variable, variable.property.predicate, classification, map);
			if (variable.parentResource != null) {
				Resource literal = graph.getPossibleObject(variable.parentResource, variable.property.predicate);
				if(literal != null) map=collectPropertiesFromContext(graph, variable, literal, classification, map);
			}
			
			// Get properties from VariableNode
			map = getStandardNodePropertyVariables(graph, context, map);
			return map;
		} else if (context instanceof StandardGraphChildVariable) {
			return standardChildDomainProperties.getVariables(graph, context, map);
		} else {
			throw new DatabaseException("Unknown variable implementation " + context.getClass().getCanonicalName());
		}	
		
	}	
	
    @SCLValue(type = "VariableMap")
	public static VariableMap standardPropertyDomainProperties = new VariableMapImpl() {

    	VariableMap getValueVariableMap(ReadGraph graph, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {
    		Resource represents = context.getPossibleRepresents(graph);
    		if(represents == null) return null;
    		
    		VariableMap map = graph.isImmutable(represents) ?
    				graph.syncRequest(new PropertyVariableMapRequest(represents), TransientCacheListener.<VariableMap>instance()) :
    					(VariableMap)graph.getPossibleRelatedValue2(represents, Layer0.getInstance(graph).domainProperties, represents);
    		
    		if(map == standardPropertyDomainProperties) return null;
    		else return map;
    		
    	}
    	
		@Override
		public Variable getVariable(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, String name) throws DatabaseException {
			VariableMap valueMap = getValueVariableMap(graph, context);
			if(valueMap != null) return valueMap.getVariable(graph, context, name);
			return getStandardPropertyDomainPropertyVariableFromValue(graph, context, name);
		}

		@Override
		public Map<String, Variable> getVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
			VariableMap valueMap = getValueVariableMap(graph, context);
			if(valueMap != null) return valueMap.getVariables(graph, context, map);
			else return getStandardPropertyDomainPropertyVariablesFromValue(graph, context, map);
		}
		
		@Override
		public Map<String, Variable> getVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, String classification, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
			VariableMap valueMap = getValueVariableMap(graph, context);
			if(valueMap != null) return valueMap.getVariables(graph, context, classification, map);
			else return getStandardPropertyDomainPropertyVariablesFromValue(graph, context, classification, map);
		}
		
	};

    public static Resource getPossibleGraphChild(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable, String name) throws DatabaseException {
    	Resource resource = variable.getPossibleRepresents(graph);
        if(resource == null) return null;
        Map<String, Resource> graphChildren = graph.syncRequest(new UnescapedChildMapOfResource(resource));
        return graphChildren.get(name);
    }

    public static Map<String,Resource> getPossibleGraphChildren(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable) throws DatabaseException {
    	Resource resource = variable.getPossibleRepresents(graph);
        if(resource == null) return Collections.emptyMap();
        return graph.syncRequest(new UnescapedChildMapOfResource(resource));
    }

    public static Object getPossibleNodeChild(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable, String name) throws DatabaseException {
    	if (!(variable instanceof AbstractVariable)) return null;
    	VariableNode<?> node = ((AbstractVariable)variable).node;
        if(node == null) return null;
        NodeStructure structure = Variables.requestNodeStructure(graph, node);
        if(Variables.PENDING_NODE_STRUCTURE == structure) throw new PendingVariableException("");
        return structure.children.get(name);
	}
	
    public static Collection<Object> getPossibleNodeChildren(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable) throws DatabaseException {
    	if (!(variable instanceof AbstractVariable)) return null;
    	VariableNode<?> node = ((AbstractVariable)variable).node;
        if(node == null) return Collections.emptyList();
        NodeStructure structure = Variables.requestNodeStructure(graph, node);
        if(Variables.PENDING_NODE_STRUCTURE == structure) throw new PendingVariableException("");
        return structure.children.values();
    }
    
    public static Object getPossibleNodeProperty(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable, String name, boolean throwPending) throws DatabaseException {
    	if (!(variable instanceof AbstractVariable)) return null;
    	VariableNode<?> node = ((AbstractVariable)variable).node;
        if(node == null) return null;
        NodeStructure structure = Variables.requestNodeStructure(graph, node);
        if(throwPending && Variables.PENDING_NODE_STRUCTURE == structure) throw new PendingVariableException("");
        return structure.properties.get(name);
    }
    
    public static Collection<Object> getPossibleNodeProperties(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable) throws DatabaseException {
    	if (!(variable instanceof AbstractVariable)) return null;
    	VariableNode<?> node = ((AbstractVariable)variable).node;
        if(node == null) return Collections.emptyList();
        NodeStructure structure = Variables.requestNodeStructure(graph, node);
        if(Variables.PENDING_NODE_STRUCTURE == structure) throw new PendingVariableException("");
        return structure.properties.values();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
    public static VariableNode build(VariableNode parent, Object node) {
        if(node == null) return null;
        return new VariableNode(parent.support, node);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public static Variable getStandardChildDomainChildVariable(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, String name) throws DatabaseException {
    	return StandardChildDomainChildren.getStandardChildDomainChildVariable(graph, context, name);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public static Variable getStandardChildDomainChildVariable(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Resource graphChild, String name) throws DatabaseException {
    	return StandardChildDomainChildren.getStandardChildDomainChildVariable(graph, context, graphChild, name);
    }
	
    @Deprecated
    public static Map<String, Variable> getStandardChildDomainChildVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
    	return StandardChildDomainChildren.getStandardChildDomainChildVariables(graph, context, map);
    }

    @Deprecated
    public static Map<String, Variable> getStandardChildDomainChildVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Map<String,Resource> graphChildren, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
    	return StandardChildDomainChildren.getStandardChildDomainChildVariables(graph, context, graphChildren, map);
    }
    
    /**
     * Get a map of child Variables from a node manager-based Variable, combined with the existing variables in #map.
     * @param graph  The read graph.
     * @param context  The parent Variable.
     * @param map  A map of variables into which the new variables are merged.
     * @return  A map from variable names to instances
     * @throws DatabaseException
     */
    public static Map<String, Variable> getStandardNodeChildVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
    	AbstractVariable variable = (AbstractVariable)context;
    	if (variable.node == null) return map;
        
        Collection<Object> nodeChildren = getPossibleNodeChildren(graph, variable);
        if (nodeChildren.isEmpty()) return map;
        
        map = ensureVariableMap(map, nodeChildren.size());

        for(Object nodeChild : nodeChildren) {
            String name = getNodeName(variable, nodeChild);
            if (!map.containsKey(name))
            	map.put(name, createStandardGraphChildVariable(variable, nodeChild));
        }

        return map;
    }

    /**
     * Get a map of property Variables from a node manager-based Variable, combined with the existing variables in #map.
     * @param graph  The read graph.
     * @param context  The parent Variable.
     * @param map  A map of variables into which the new variables are merged.
     * @return  A map from variable names to instances
     * @throws DatabaseException
     */
    public static Map<String, Variable> getStandardNodePropertyVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
    	AbstractVariable variable = (AbstractVariable)context;
    	if (variable.node == null) return map;
        
        Collection<Object> nodeProperties = getPossibleNodeProperties(graph, variable);
        if (nodeProperties.isEmpty()) return map;
        
        map = ensureVariableMap(map, nodeProperties.size());

        for(Object nodeProperty : nodeProperties) {
            String name = getNodeName(variable, nodeProperty);
            if (!map.containsKey(name)) {
            	map.put(name, createStandardGraphPropertyVariable(graph, variable, nodeProperty));
            }
        }

        return map;
    }    

	@SCLValue(type = "VariableMap")
	public static VariableMap standardChildDomainChildren = new VariableMapImpl() {

		@Override
		public Variable getVariable(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, String name) throws DatabaseException {
			return StandardChildDomainChildren.getStandardChildDomainChildVariable(graph, context, name);
		}

		@Override
		public Map<String, Variable> getVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
		    return StandardChildDomainChildren.getStandardChildDomainChildVariables(graph, context, map);
		}
		
	};

    @SCLValue(type = "VariableMap")
	public static VariableMap standardPropertyDomainChildren = new VariableMapImpl() {

    	/**
    	 * Get a possible non-standard VariableMap defined in the graph.
    	 * @param graph  The graph
    	 * @param context  The context node
    	 * @return  A non-standard VariableMap instance for the context node,
    	 *          or null, if not defined or defined as this instance.
    	 * @throws DatabaseException
    	 */
    	VariableMap getValueVariableMap(ReadGraph graph, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {
    		Resource represents = context.getPossibleRepresents(graph);
    		if(represents == null) return null;
			VariableMap map = graph.syncRequest(new ChildVariableMapRequest(represents));
    		if(map == standardPropertyDomainChildren) return null;
    		else return map;
    	}
    	
		@Override
		public Variable getVariable(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, String name) throws DatabaseException {
			// Delegate call to a non-standard variable map?
			VariableMap valueMap = getValueVariableMap(graph, context);
			if(valueMap != null) return valueMap.getVariable(graph, context, name);
			
			if(context instanceof StandardGraphPropertyVariable) {
				StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable = (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)context;
				Datatype dt = variable.getDatatype(graph);
				if (dt instanceof ArrayType) {
					ChildReference ref = getPossibleIndexReference(name);
					if (ref != null)
						return new SubliteralPropertyVariableDeprecated(variable, ref);
				}
				
				// Check for a child node provided by the NodeManager
				if (variable.node != null) {
					Object childNode = getPossibleNodeChild(graph, variable, name);
					if (childNode != null)
						return createStandardGraphChildVariable(variable, childNode);
				}
				return standardChildDomainChildren.getVariable(graph, context, name);
			} else if (context instanceof StandardGraphChildVariable) {
				return standardChildDomainChildren.getVariable(graph, context, name);
			} else {
				throw new DatabaseException("Unknown variable implementation " + context.getClass().getCanonicalName());
			}
		}

		@Override
		public Map<String, Variable> getVariables(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {
			// Delegate call to a non-standard variable map?
			VariableMap valueMap = getValueVariableMap(graph, context);
			if(valueMap != null) return valueMap.getVariables(graph, context, map);
			
			if(context instanceof StandardGraphPropertyVariable) {
				// Get child variables provided by the NodeManager
				Map<String, Variable> result = getStandardNodeChildVariables(graph, context, map); 
				return standardChildDomainChildren.getVariables(graph, context, result);
			} else if (context instanceof StandardGraphChildVariable) {
				return standardChildDomainChildren.getVariables(graph, context, map);
			} else {
				throw new DatabaseException("Unknown variable implementation " + context.getClass().getCanonicalName());
			}	
		}
		
	};
	
	protected static ChildReference getPossibleIndexReference(String name) {
		if (name.startsWith("i-")) {
		    try {
		        int index = Integer.parseInt(name.substring(2));
		        return new IndexReference(index);
		    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {}
		}
		return null;
	}

	protected static ValueAccessor getPossiblePropertyValueAccessor(ReadGraph graph, StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable) throws DatabaseException {
	    if(variable.property == null) return null;
	    return variable.property.valueAccessor;
//        return graph.syncRequest(new PropertyValueAccessorRequest(variable.property), TransientCacheAsyncListener.<ValueAccessor>instance());
//		return graph.syncRequest(new PossibleRelatedValueImplied2<ValueAccessor>(variable.property, Layer0.getInstance(graph).valueAccessor));
	}

	public static ValueAccessor getPossibleValueValueAccessor(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable) throws DatabaseException {
	    Resource value = variable.getPossibleRepresents(graph);
	    if(value == null) return null;
	    //return graph.syncRequest(new PropertyValueAccessorRequest(value));
		return graph.syncRequest(new PossibleRelatedValueImplied2<ValueAccessor>(value, Layer0.getInstance(graph).valueAccessor));	
	}
	
	public static PropertyInfo getPossiblePropertyInfoFromContext(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable, Resource context, String name) throws DatabaseException {
	    if(context == null) return null;
		Map<String, PropertyInfo> predicates = graph.syncRequest(new UnescapedPropertyMapOfResource(context));
		return predicates.get(name);
	}

    public static Variable getPossiblePropertyFromContext(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable, Resource context, String name, Object propertyNode) throws DatabaseException {
        PropertyInfo info = getPossiblePropertyInfoFromContext(graph, variable, context, name);
        if(info == null || info.builder == null) return null;
        return buildPropertyVariable(graph, variable, context, info, propertyNode);
    }
    
    public static Variable getPossibleSubliteralPropertyFromContext(ReadGraph graph, StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable, String name) throws DatabaseException {
    	
		Resource predicate = variable.property.predicate;
		if(predicate == null) return null;

    	PropertyInfo info = getPropertyInfo(graph, predicate);
    	Pair<Resource, ChildReference> p = info.subliteralPredicates.get(name);
    	if(p == null) return null;
    	
		return new SubliteralPropertyVariable(graph, variable, p.first, p.second);
    	
    }

    public static Map<String, PropertyInfo> collectPropertyInfosFromContext(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable, Resource context) throws DatabaseException {
        if(context == null) return Collections.emptyMap();
		return graph.isImmutable(context) ?
				graph.syncRequest(new UnescapedPropertyMapOfResource(context), TransientCacheAsyncListener.<Map<String,PropertyInfo>>instance()) :
				graph.syncRequest(new UnescapedPropertyMapOfResource(context));
    }

	public static Map<String, Variable> collectPropertiesFromContext(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable, Resource context, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {

		Map<String,PropertyInfo> properties = graph.isImmutable(context) ?
				graph.syncRequest(new UnescapedPropertyMapOfResource(context), TransientCacheAsyncListener.<Map<String,PropertyInfo>>instance()) :
				graph.syncRequest(new UnescapedPropertyMapOfResource(context));
				
		if(properties.isEmpty()) return map;
		
		map = ensureVariableMap(map, properties.size());
		
		for(PropertyInfo info : properties.values()) {
			String name = info.name;
			if (info.builder != null) {
				Variable v = info.builder.buildProperty(graph, variable, null, context, info.predicate);
				map.put(name, v);
			}
		}
		
		return map;
		
	}

	public static Map<String, Variable> collectSubliteralProperties(ReadGraph graph, StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {

		Resource predicate = variable.property.predicate;
		if(predicate == null) return map;
		
		PropertyInfo info = getPropertyInfo(graph, predicate);
		if(info.subliteralPredicates.isEmpty()) return map;
		
		map = ensureVariableMap(map, info.subliteralPredicates.size());
		
		for(Map.Entry<String, Pair<Resource, ChildReference>> entry : info.subliteralPredicates.entrySet()) {
			String key = entry.getKey();
			Pair<Resource, ChildReference> p = entry.getValue();
			if(map == null) map = new THashMap<String,Variable>();
			map.put(key, new SubliteralPropertyVariable(graph, variable, p.first, p.second));
		}
    	
    	return map;
		
	}

	public static Map<String, Variable> collectPropertiesFromContext(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable, Resource context, String classification, Map<String, Variable> map) throws DatabaseException {

		if(graph.isImmutable(context)) {

			Map<String,PropertyInfo> properties = graph.syncRequest(new UnescapedPropertyMapOfResource(context), TransientCacheAsyncListener.<Map<String,PropertyInfo>>instance());
			for(PropertyInfo info : properties.values()) {

				if(info.classifications.contains(classification) && info.builder != null) {
					String name = info.name;
					Variable v = info.builder.buildProperty(graph, variable, null, context, info.predicate);
					if(map == null) map = new THashMap<String,Variable>();
					map.put(name, v);
				}

			}

		} else {
				
			Collection<Resource> predicates = graph.getPredicates(context);
					
			if(predicates.isEmpty()) return map;
			
			map = ensureVariableMap(map, predicates.size());
		
			for(Resource predicate : predicates) {
				
				PropertyInfo info = graph.isImmutable(predicate) ?
						graph.syncRequest(new PropertyInfoRequest(predicate), TransientCacheAsyncListener.<PropertyInfo>instance()) :
							graph.syncRequest(new PropertyInfoRequest(predicate));
						
				if(!info.isHasProperty) continue;
	
				if(info.classifications.contains(classification) && info.builder != null) {
					String name = info.name;
					Variable v = info.builder.buildProperty(graph, variable, null, context, info.predicate);
					if(map == null) map = new THashMap<String,Variable>();
					map.put(name, v);
				}
				
			}
			
		}
		
		return map;
		
	}	
	
    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> String")
    public static String entityLabel(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
    	if(context instanceof Resource) {
    		return NameUtils.getSafeLabel(graph, ((Resource)context));	
    	} else if (context instanceof Variable) {
    		Variable parent = ((Variable)context).getParent(graph);
    		Resource represents = parent.getRepresents(graph);
    		return NameUtils.getSafeLabel(graph, represents);
    	} else {
    		throw new DatabaseException("Unknown context " + context);
    	}
    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> b")
    public static Object listResources(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
    	return ListUtils.toList(graph, resource);
    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> Variable -> [String]")
    public static List<String> standardClassifications(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {
    	ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
    	Resource predicate = context.getParent(graph).getPossiblePredicateResource(graph);
    	if(predicate != null) {
    		for(Resource type : graph.getTypes(predicate)) {
    			String uri = graph.getPossibleURI(type);
    			if(uri != null) result.add(uri);
    		}
    	}
    	return result;
    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> Boolean")
    public static Boolean standardValidValue(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
    	return Boolean.TRUE;
    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> StringInputValidator")
    public static StringInputValidator standardValidator(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
    	return StringInputValidator.PASS;
    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> Boolean")
    public static Boolean standardRequiredValue(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
    	return Boolean.FALSE;
    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> Variable -> Boolean")
    public static Boolean standardDefaultValue(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {
    	Variable property = context.getParent(graph);
    	if(property instanceof StandardGraphPropertyVariable) {
    		StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable = (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)property;
    		if (variable.parentResource != null) {
    			Statement stm = graph.getPossibleStatement(variable.parentResource, variable.property.predicate);
    			return stm != null && stm.isAsserted(variable.parentResource);
			}
    	}
    	return Boolean.FALSE;
    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> Boolean")
    public static Boolean standardReadOnlyValue(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
    	return Boolean.FALSE;
    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> b")
    public static Object resourceAsValue(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
    	return resource;
    }
    
    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> b")
    public static Object functionApplication(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
    	return Functions.exec(graph, resource, graph, resource, context);
    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> b")
    public static Object computeExpression(ReadGraph graph, Resource converter, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
    	if(context instanceof Variable) {
            return CompileValueRequest.compileAndEvaluate(graph, (Variable)context);
    	} if (context instanceof Resource) {
            return CompileResourceValueRequest.compileAndEvaluate(graph, (Resource)converter);
    	} else {
    		throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown context " + context);
    	}
    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> b")
    public static Object composedPropertyValue(ReadGraph graph, Resource converter, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
    	if(context instanceof Variable) {
    		return new StandardComposedProperty();
    	} if (context instanceof Resource) {
    		return new StandardComposedProperty();
    	} else {
    		throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown context " + context);
    	}
    }
    
    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> b")
    public static Object numberInputValidator(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
        
        class Validator extends FunctionImpl1<String, String> {

            private final Datatype datatype;
            
            public Validator(Datatype datatype) {
                this.datatype = datatype;
            }
            
            @Override
            public String apply(String input) {
                
                if(datatype == null) return null;
                
                try {

                    if(datatype instanceof NumberType) {
                        
                        Number number = (Number)PrimitiveValueParser.parse(input, datatype);
                        NumberType nt = (NumberType)datatype;
                        Range r = nt.getRange();
                        if(r != null) {
                            if(!r.contains(number)) return "Value is out of valid range";
                        }
                    }
                    return null;
                    
                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                    return "Not a valid floating-point number";
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                    return "Not a valid floating-point number";
                }
                
            }
            
        }

        if(context instanceof Variable) {
            
            Variable variable = (Variable)context;
            Variable property = variable.getParent(graph);
            Datatype datatype = property.getPossibleDatatype(graph);
            return new Validator(datatype);
            
        } else if (context instanceof Resource) {

            Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
            Resource literal = (Resource)context;
            Datatype datatype = graph.getRelatedValue(literal, L0.HasDataType, Bindings.getBindingUnchecked(Datatype.class));
            return new Validator(datatype);
            
        } else {
            
            return new Validator(null);
            
        }
        
    }
    
    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> a -> b")
    public static Object booleanInputValidator(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Object context) throws DatabaseException {
        
        return new FunctionImpl1<String, String>() {

            @Override
            public String apply(String input) {
                
            	String lower = input.toLowerCase();
            	if("true".equals(lower) || "false".equals(lower)) return null;

            	return "Not a valid boolean: " + input;
                
            }
            
        };
        
    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> Variable -> Resource")
    public static Resource hasStandardResource(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {
    	Variable parent = context.getParent(graph);
    	if(parent instanceof StandardGraphChildVariable) {
    		StandardGraphChildVariable variable = (StandardGraphChildVariable)parent;
    		return variable.resource;
    	}
    	return null;
    }


    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> Variable -> a")
	public static Object valueWithoutBinding(ReadGraph graph, Resource converter, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {

    	StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable = (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)context;
		
		if(graph.sync(new IsEnumeratedValue(variable.getRepresents(graph)))) {
			Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
			return graph.getRelatedValue2(variable.getRepresents(graph), L0.HasLabel);
		}

		if (variable.parentResource == null)
			throw new InvalidVariableException("Variable is not represented by any resource (URI=" + variable.getPossibleURI(graph) + ").");

		try {
			return graph.getRelatedValue2(variable.parentResource, variable.property.predicate, variable);
		} catch (NoSingleResultException e) {
			throw new MissingVariableValueException(variable.getPossibleURI(graph), e);
		} catch (DoesNotContainValueException e) {
			throw new MissingVariableValueException(variable.getPossibleURI(graph), e);
		}
		
	}

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Variable -> Binding -> a")
	public static Object valueWithBinding(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Binding binding) throws DatabaseException {

    	StandardGraphPropertyVariable variable = (StandardGraphPropertyVariable)context;
		
		if(graph.sync(new IsEnumeratedValue(variable.getRepresents(graph)))) {
			Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
			return graph.getRelatedValue2(variable.getRepresents(graph), L0.HasLabel, binding);
		}

		if (variable.parentResource == null)
			throw new MissingVariableException("Variable is not represented by any resource (URI=" + variable.getPossibleURI(graph) + ").", context.getPossibleRepresents(graph));

		try {
			return graph.getRelatedValue2(variable.parentResource, variable.property.predicate, variable);
		} catch (NoSingleResultException e) {
			throw new MissingVariableValueException(variable.getPossibleURI(graph), e);
		} catch (DoesNotContainValueException e) {
			throw new MissingVariableValueException(variable.getPossibleURI(graph), e);
		}
		
	}

    @SCLValue(type = "WriteGraph -> Variable -> a -> Binding -> b")
	public static Object valueSetterWithBinding(WriteGraph graph, Variable variable, Object value, Binding binding) throws DatabaseException {
		
		Function4<WriteGraph, Variable, Object, Object, String> modifier = variable.getPossiblePropertyValue(graph, Variables.INPUT_MODIFIER);
		if(modifier == null) modifier = VariableUtils.defaultInputModifier; 
		modifier.apply(graph, variable, value, binding);
		return null;
		
	}
    
    static class L0Issue extends StandardIssue {
        
        private final String description;
        
        public L0Issue(String description, Resource type, Resource ... contexts) {
            super(type, contexts);
            this.description = description;
        }

        @Override
        public Resource write(WriteGraph graph, Resource source) throws DatabaseException {
            Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
            IssueResource IR = IssueResource.getInstance(graph);
            Resource issue = super.write(graph, source);
            graph.claim(issue, IR.Issue_HasSeverity, IR.Severity_Fatal);
            graph.addLiteral(issue, L0.HasDescription, L0.HasDescription_Inverse, description, Bindings.STRING);
            return issue;
        }
        
    }
    
	private static List<Issue> reportInconsistency(ReadGraph graph, Resource subject, String description, List<Issue> issues) throws DatabaseException {
	    if(issues == null) issues = new ArrayList<Issue>();
		System.err.println("Change set validation reports the following issue: " + NameUtils.getSafeName(graph, subject, true) + ": " + description);
		IssueResource IR = IssueResource.getInstance(graph);
		issues.add(new L0Issue(description, IR.Issue, subject));
		return issues;
	}
    
    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> [Issue]")
    public static List<Issue> relationValidator(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource) throws DatabaseException {

    	Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);

    	List<Issue> issues = null;
    	
    	for(Statement stm : graph.getStatements(resource, L0.IsWeaklyRelatedTo)) {
    		Resource predicate = stm.getPredicate();
    		Resource object = stm.getObject();
    		if(!isRelation(graph, L0, predicate)) {
    			issues = reportInconsistency(graph, resource, "The predicate of a statement must be a relation: " + NameUtils.toString(graph, stm), issues);
    		}
    		if(graph.isInstanceOf(predicate, L0.FunctionalRelation)) {
    			if(graph.getObjects(resource, predicate).size() > 1)
    				issues = reportInconsistency(graph, resource, 
    						"Relation " +
    								NameUtils.getSafeName(graph, predicate)
    								+ " is functional.", issues);
    		}
    		{
    			Collection<Resource> domain = graph.getObjects(predicate, L0.HasDomain);
    			if (!isInstanceOfAny(graph, resource, domain, true)) {
    				StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder()
    				.append("The domain of ")
    				.append(NameUtils.getSafeName(graph, predicate))
    				.append(" relation is ");
    				orString(graph, sb, domain).append(".");
    				issues = reportInconsistency(graph, resource, sb.toString(), issues);
    			}
    		}
    		{
    			Collection<Resource> range = graph.getObjects(predicate, L0.HasRange);
    			if (!isInstanceOfAny(graph, object, range, true) && !graph.isInstanceOf(object, L0.SCLValue)) {
    				StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder()
    				.append("The range of ")
    				.append(NameUtils.getSafeName(graph, predicate))
    				.append(" relation is ");
    				orString(graph, sb, range).append(" but current object is ")
    				.append(NameUtils.getSafeName(graph, object)).append(".");
    				issues = reportInconsistency(graph, resource, sb.toString(), issues);
    			}
    		}    		
    	}
		
		return issues != null ? issues : Collections.<Issue>emptyList();

    }

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> [Issue]")
    public static List<Issue> propertyValidator(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource) throws DatabaseException {

        List<Issue> issues = null;

        Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
    	for(Statement stm : graph.getStatements(resource, L0.HasProperty)) {
    		Resource subject = stm.getSubject();
    		Resource predicate = stm.getPredicate();
    		String error = L0Validations.checkValueType(graph, subject, predicate);
    		if(error != null) issues = reportInconsistency(graph, subject, error, issues);
    	}
		
        return issues != null ? issues : Collections.<Issue>emptyList();

    }
    
    
    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> [Issue]")
    public static List<Issue> valueValidator(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource) throws DatabaseException {

        List<Issue> issues = null;

        Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
    	if(graph.hasValue(resource)) {
    		if(!graph.isInstanceOf(resource, L0.Literal)) {
    			issues = reportInconsistency(graph, resource, 
    					"Resource has a value but it is not a literal.", issues);
    		}
    		else {
    			// TODO check that the value is valid for the data type
    		}
    	}
    	else {
    		if(graph.isInstanceOf(resource, L0.Literal)) {
    			issues = reportInconsistency(graph, resource, 
    					"Resource is a literal but it does not have a value.", issues);
    		}
    	}
    	
        return issues != null ? issues : Collections.<Issue>emptyList();
    	
    }

    
    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> [Issue]")
    public static List<Issue> uriValidator(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource) throws DatabaseException {
    	
        List<Issue> issues = null;

        Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
        Resource parent = graph.getPossibleObject(resource, L0.PartOf);
    	if(parent != null) {
    	    String parentURI = graph.syncRequest(new PossibleURI(parent));
    	    if(parentURI != null) {
        		String name = graph.getPossibleRelatedValue(resource, L0.HasName);
        		if(name == null) {
        			issues = reportInconsistency(graph, resource, "Resource has a parent with URI but has no valid HasName.", issues);
        		}
    	    }
    	}

        return issues != null ? issues : Collections.<Issue>emptyList();
    	
    }
    
    private static Resource getPossibleNearestClusterSet(ReadGraph graph, Resource base, Resource resource) throws DatabaseException {

        ClusteringSupport cs = graph.getService(ClusteringSupport.class);
        if(cs.isClusterSet(resource) && !base.equals(resource)) return resource;
        
        Resource nearest = NearestOwnerFinder.getNearestOwner(graph, resource);
        if(nearest == null) return null;
        
        return getPossibleNearestClusterSet(graph, base, nearest);

    }

    private static boolean quirks(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource) throws DatabaseException {

    	if(!resource.isPersistent()) return true;
    	if(graph.isImmutable(resource)) return true;
    	if(resource.getResourceId() < 0x2000) return true;

    	return false;
    	
    }
    
    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> [Issue]")
    public static List<Issue> clusterValidator(ReadGraph graph, Resource resource) throws DatabaseException {

    	if(!Development.DEVELOPMENT) return Collections.<Issue>emptyList();
    	
    	if(quirks(graph, resource)) return Collections.<Issue>emptyList();
    	
        List<Issue> issues = null;

        ClusteringSupport cs = graph.getService(ClusteringSupport.class);
        Resource set = cs.getClusterSetOfCluster(resource);
        
        if(set == null) return reportInconsistency(graph, resource, "Resource cluster is not part of any cluster set", issues);
        
        Resource nearestSet = getPossibleNearestClusterSet(graph, resource, resource);
        if(nearestSet == null) {
        	// This means that there is no owner since RootLibrary is a cluster set
        	return Collections.<Issue>emptyList();
        }
        
        if(!set.equals(nearestSet)) return reportInconsistency(graph, resource, "The cluster set of a resource is not the nearest owner set", issues);

        return Collections.<Issue>emptyList();
    	
    }

    private static boolean isInstanceOfAny(ReadGraph graph, Resource r, Collection<Resource> types, boolean ifEmpty) throws DatabaseException {
		if (types.isEmpty())
			return ifEmpty;
		for (Resource type : types) {
			if (graph.isInstanceOf(r, type)) {
				return true;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	private static StringBuilder orString(ReadGraph graph, StringBuilder sb, Collection<Resource> rs) throws DatabaseException {
		sb.append("(");
		boolean first = true;
		for (Resource r : rs) {
			if (!first)
				sb.append(" | ");
			first = false;
			sb.append(NameUtils.getSafeName(graph, r));
		}
		sb.append(")");
		return sb;
	}

    public static boolean isRelation(ReadGraph g, Layer0 l0, Resource relation) throws DatabaseException {
		return g.hasStatement(relation, l0.SubrelationOf) || relation == l0.IsWeaklyRelatedTo;
	}
	
	public static boolean isType(ReadGraph g, Layer0 l0, Resource type) throws DatabaseException {
		return g.hasStatement(type, l0.Inherits) || type == l0.Entity;
	}
	
    public static Variable buildChildVariable(ReadGraph graph, Variable context, Resource graphChild, Object nodeChild) throws DatabaseException {
        VariableBuilder builder = graph.adapt(graphChild, VariableBuilder.class);
    	return builder.buildChild(graph, context, build(((AbstractVariable)context).node, nodeChild), graphChild);
	}

	private static Variable buildPropertyVariable(ReadGraph graph, Variable variable, Resource parentResource, PropertyInfo graphProperty, Object propertyNode) throws DatabaseException {
		VariableNode<?> node = variable instanceof AbstractVariable ? build(((AbstractVariable)variable).node, propertyNode) : null;
		return graphProperty.builder.buildProperty(graph, variable, node, parentResource, graphProperty.predicate);
	}
	
	static StandardGraphChildVariable createStandardGraphChildVariable(
			AbstractVariable parent, Object child) {
		return new StandardGraphChildVariable(parent, build(parent.node, child), null);
	}

	private static StandardGraphPropertyVariable createStandardGraphPropertyVariable(
			ReadGraph graph, AbstractVariable variable, Object nodeProperty) throws DatabaseException {
        Resource propertyResource = getPossiblePropertyResource(graph, variable, nodeProperty);
        return new StandardGraphPropertyVariable(graph, variable, build(variable.node, nodeProperty), null, propertyResource);
	}
        
	static Map<String, Variable> ensureVariableMap(
			Map<String, Variable> map, int size) {
		if(map == null) map = new THashMap<String,Variable>(size);
		return map;
	}

	private static PropertyInfo getPropertyInfo(ReadGraph graph, Resource predicate) throws DatabaseException {
		return graph.syncRequest(new PropertyInfoRequest(predicate));
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	static String getNodeName(AbstractVariable parent, Object child) {
		return parent.node.support.manager.getName(child);
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	private static Object getNodeValue(final AbstractVariable variable, final Binding binding) throws NodeManagerException, BindingException {
		return variable.node.support.manager.getValue(variable.node.node, binding);
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	private static void setNodeValue(final AbstractVariable variable, final Object value, final Binding binding) throws NodeManagerException, BindingException {
		variable.node.support.manager.setValue(variable.node.node, value, binding);
	}
	
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	private static String getPossiblePropertyURI(AbstractVariable parent, Object node) {
		return parent.node.support.manager.getPropertyURI(parent.node.node, node);
	}
    

    @SCLValue(type = "ReadGraph -> Resource -> Variable -> a")
    public static Object defaultInstantiateUnder(ReadGraph graph, Resource converter, Variable context) throws DatabaseException {
        return new FunctionImpl2<Resource, Resource, Resource>() {
            public Resource apply(Resource container, Resource type) {
                try {
                    WriteGraph graph = (WriteGraph)SCLContext.getCurrent().get("graph");

                    Layer0 L0 = Layer0.getInstance(graph);
                    CommonDBUtils.selectClusterSet(graph, container);
                    Resource result = graph.newResource();
                    String name = NameUtils.findFreshInstanceName(graph, type, container);
                    graph.claim(result, L0.InstanceOf, type);
                    graph.addLiteral(result, L0.HasName, L0.NameOf, name, Bindings.STRING);
                    graph.claim(container, L0.ConsistsOf, L0.PartOf, result);

                    return result;
                } catch (DatabaseException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeDatabaseException(e);
                }
            }
        };
    }

}